Abstract
The European Union is not a homogenous decision-making unit. The Union has a limited legal competence while the single member states still maintain highly autonomous decision-making, including in the transport sector.
Werner Rothengatter, Professor Emeritus, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. Email: werner.rothengatter@kit.edu.
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Notes
- 1.
EURO VI became obligatory for newly licensed trucks and buses in 2013.
- 2.
The Directive allows member states to continue with applying vignette systems. Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Sweden had introduced a “Eurovignette system”, together with Germany and Austria. The latter countries left this time-related system in 2004/2005 and changed to a distance dependent system which is the focus of this paper.
- 3.
For details see Rommerskirchen et al. (2009).
- 4.
EU Commission (2019) Emissions in the automotive sector. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/automotive/environment-protection/emissions_en.
- 5.
Data taken from EU transport in figures–Statistical Pocketbook 2017.
- 6.
For passenger cars the allowed CO2 emissions will be reduced to 95 g/km after 2021/22 and the EU Commission plans to reduce this limit by 15% until 2025 and 30% until 2030. It is planned to introduce fuel efficiency standards for HGV.
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Rothengatter, W. (2020). Environmental Charges Levied on Heavy Goods Vehicles in the EU. In: Hayashi, Y., Morisugi, M., Iwamatsu, Si. (eds) Balancing Nature and Civilization - Alternative Sustainability Perspectives from Philosophy to Practice. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39059-4_7
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