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Environmental Management in a Globalised World

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Earth at Risk in the 21st Century: Rethinking Peace, Environment, Gender, and Human, Water, Health, Food, Energy Security, and Migration

Part of the book series: Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice ((PAHSEP,volume 18))

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Abstract

The globalisation process, characterised by instant world communications, financial flows and growing trade interdependence in the hands of multinational enterprises, has increasingly homogenised the development paradigm and consumption.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Presentation at the IPRA General Conference, in Suwon, South Korea, July 2002, with some updates.

  2. 2.

    In 1928, Argentina was considered the sixth world economic power. However, internal mismanagement and the pressure on the oligarchs by the governments of the United Kingdom and the US, especially during 1974 and 2002, have destroyed the potential positive development of this country. Venezuela is worse, with inflation of over one million per cent in 2017–2018.

  3. 3.

    This exploitation of deep-sea oil, coupled with the technology of fracking, which extracts oil and gas from tar sands and bituminous soils, has transformed the US into the top producer of fossil hydrocarbons, above Saudi Arabia, and has increased the energy security of this country. However, pollution by toxic chemicals, the significant amounts of water required during the process, and the high cost of fracking the bituminous stones represents high risks to human health, animals and plants in the affected regions.

  4. 4.

    Landowners, businesses and services that rely on local people are likely to be more responsible.

  5. 5.

    US Department of Agriculture’s National Commission on Small Farms, 1998.

  6. 6.

    In many African countries women provide:

    • 33% of the workforce.

    • 70% of agricultural workers.

    • 60–80% of the labour that produces food for household consumption and sale.

    • 100% of the processing of basic food stuffs.

    • 80% of food storage and transport from farms to villages.

    • 90% of hoeing and weeding work.

    • 60% of harvesting and marketing activities (FAO (1999; SDWW: 2)).

  7. 7.

    For theoretical implications, see the open, self-regulating and dissipative system developed by Ilya Prigogine (1983).

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    Úrsula Oswald Spring

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Oswald Spring, Ú. (2020). Environmental Management in a Globalised World. In: Earth at Risk in the 21st Century: Rethinking Peace, Environment, Gender, and Human, Water, Health, Food, Energy Security, and Migration . Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38569-9_9

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