Abstract
Between now and 2050 the world population will grow by one third from 7.8 to 9.8 million people, which will require 70% more food with the present conditions of consumption.
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Notes
- 1.
Text translated from a conference given by the author at the Institute of Economic Research, UNAM in Mexico City during October 2016 and was updated for this volume.
- 2.
Nestlé has proposed in 2001 a new productivist model, which is overcoming the green revolution that has stagnated, due to the high prices of hydrocarbons, the contamination of water, soil and air by agrochemicals and their negative effects on human health and ecosystems. The new paradigm, also called life sciences or precision farming is promoted by transnational enterprises, who control GMO-seeds, agrochemicals, storage, supermarket chains and the finances. These enterprises are generating a productivist-commercial monopoly, in which genetic modified organisms, health and food transformation technologies are integrated in clusters for the production and transformation of food. In the view of this author, only green-organic agriculture or agroecology offers an alternative model, where environmental services are combined with food production and where peasants, women and indigenous people are finding alternatives for their survival in rural areas.
- 3.
Both models of agriculture could coexist and in limited spaces, the industrialised production could produce some export products for getting the necessary foreign devises to pay back the debts and its service.
- 4.
Sachs (2004) proposed a development model for Africa called ‘the big five’, which includes: 1. improvement of food products and nutrition locally produced with agroecology, fruit trees and domestic animals; 2. community health centers to treat common diseases, reproductive health and HIV-AIDS; 3. basic education and technological training; 4. renewable energies from sun and wind; 5. clean water, letrinisation, rainfall harvest, pond to store rainwater, water wells into aquifers and its protection to avoid diseases and vectors.
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Oswald Spring, Ú. (2020). Agroecology for Food Sovereignty and Security. In: Earth at Risk in the 21st Century: Rethinking Peace, Environment, Gender, and Human, Water, Health, Food, Energy Security, and Migration . Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38569-9_16
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