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Gender Security

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Earth at Risk in the 21st Century: Rethinking Peace, Environment, Gender, and Human, Water, Health, Food, Energy Security, and Migration

Part of the book series: Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice ((PAHSEP,volume 18))

Abstract

As the relationship between men and women shows complex interlinkages and is partially related to societal security, threats are not always perceived as purely confrontational.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The original text was first published as: Úrsula Oswald Spring (2013). “Seguridad de género”, in Fátima Flores Palacios (Ed.), Representaciones sociales y contextos de investigación con perspectiva de género, Cuernavaca, CRIM-UNAM, pp. 225–256. This text was significantly revised and updated to cover the scientific debate until 2018.

  2. 2.

    Temazcal refers to a pre-Hispanic ritual, using a dry hot space that symbolises the female uterus.

  3. 3.

    I thank S. Eréndira Serrano Oswald for her creative inputs and critical discussion in this part of the chapter.

  4. 4.

    Ensanut (2012) indicates that more than half of those, before they enter school, show signs of iron deficiency. Industrialised sugar is the third food among children of 5–11 years, frequently provoking degenerative illnesses such as diabetes mellitus. This food pattern causes 5.4% of children to be overweight, increasing to 18.8% in kids aged over 5 (23.5% of urban children compared with 11.2% in rural areas). Mexico is one of the countries with the greatest incidence of child diabetes (INN 2001, 2003). Ensanut (2012) indicates that 85.4% of Mexicans live with food insecurity. Among the vulnerable group in particular, diabetes has increased due to obesity. Malnutrition has increased in the urban area up to 80.8% and in the rural area up to 67.0%. Undernourishment is also higher in the urban context (low: 45.2% vs. 40.6%; medium: 22.4% vs. 16.5%; and severe: 13.0% vs. 11.7%). The highest undernourishment is located in the south (76.2%) and the lowest in the north with 65.2%.

  5. 5.

    Although women generate among 60–80% of the food in poor homes and half of the world’s requirements, they nevertheless have limited access to resources. In Mexico, only 18% of women own land property or have access to agrarian land rights.

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Oswald Spring, Ú. (2020). Gender Security. In: Earth at Risk in the 21st Century: Rethinking Peace, Environment, Gender, and Human, Water, Health, Food, Energy Security, and Migration . Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38569-9_10

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