Abstract
Less than a decade ago, Paraguay joined the group of Latin America’s countries possessing a national space sector. Although in its infancy, Paraguay’s space activities have gradually increased in the last years, especially after the creation of a national space agency and the adoption of an institutional plan in the field. The present chapter describes the current state of Paraguay’s space sector, focusing on the following issues: the institutional and legal framework of Paraguay’s space activities, the space cooperation programs adopted by Paraguay and other international partners, Paraguay’s satellite capacities and space technology development, and the capacity building and outreach of Paraguay’s space sector.
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Notes
- 1.
Datos generales del Paraguay, Embajada de la República del Paraguay en la República del Ecuador, http://www.embajadadeparaguay.ec/index.php/informacion-general/datos-generales-del-paraguay (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 2.
Ibid.
- 3.
Ibid.
- 4.
Art. 140 of the National Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, Asuncion, 22 June 1992.
- 5.
Art. 1 of the National Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay.
- 6.
Art. 182, 226 and 247, respectively, of the National Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay.
- 7.
Art. 156 of the National Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay.
- 8.
Art. 161 of the National Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay.
- 9.
The World Bank In Paraguay, The World Bank, 16 April 2019 https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/paraguay/overview (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 10.
Agencia Espacial del Paraguay (AEP).
- 11.
Art. 1, Law N° 5151/2014.
- 12.
Resolución AEP/N° 18 por la que se definen la misión y visión de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República, Asunción, 15 December 2017, Art 1.
- 13.
I + D + I: investigación, desarrollo e innovación. The ISP also mentions the execution activities (R + D + I + E).
- 14.
Resolución AEP/N° 18 por la que se definen la misión y visión de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República, Asunción, 15 December 2017, Art. 2.
- 15.
Law N° 5151/2014, Art. 2.
- 16.
Ibid, Art. 3.
- 17.
Ibid, Art. 5 and 6.
- 18.
Resolución AEP/N° 19 por la que se aprueba el Plan Estratégico Institucional (PEI) de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República, Asunción, 15 December 2017.
- 19.
Plan Estratégico Institucional 2018–2022, pp. 5–6.
- 20.
FODA: fortalezas, oportunidades, desafíos y amenazas.
- 21.
Plan Estratégico Institucional 2018–2022, pp. 13–14.
- 22.
Ley N° 5151 de Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Poder Legislativo, Paraguay, 24 March 2014, http://www.aep.gov.py/application/files/8115/1852/8075/LEY_5151_agencia_espacial.pdf.
- 23.
Ley N° 5740 del 18 de noviembre de 2016.
- 24.
Decreto N° 6466 por el cual se nombra al Coronel DEM (R) Liduvino Vielman Díaz, como Presidente Ad Honoren (sic) de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República del Paraguay, Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 13 Decembre 2016, http://www.aep.gov.py/application/files/6115/1852/7765/Decreto_6466_13_DIC_2016_Cnel_Liduvino_Vielman_AEP.pdf.
- 25.
The Decree mentions that the AEP’s Board of Directors will be the specialized space body responsible for the control of the satellity sovereignty. See Decreto N° 7364 por el cual se nombra a miembros de la Junta Directiva de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República del Paraguay, Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 27 June 2017, http://www.aep.gov.py/application/files/5015/1852/7841/DECRETO7364_JUNTA_DIRECTIVA.pdf.
- 26.
Decreto N° 8543 por el cual se confirma al Coronel Dem (R) Liduvino Vielman Díaz, como Presidente de la Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República del Paraguay, Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 20 February 2018, https://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO8543_uc0hokeg.PDF.
- 27.
For example, AEP has recently published a draft of a Manual on AEP’s organisation and functions. See Manual de Organización y Funciones, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, available at http://aep.gov.py/application/files/1315/2173/9199/MANUAL_DE_ORGANIZACION_Y_FUNCIONES_AEP_GLOBAL_VX_SP_1.pdf (accessed 12 September 2019).
- 28.
Status of International Agreements relating to activities in outer space as at 1 January 2019, UNOOSA Doc, A/AC.105/C.2/2019/CRP.3, http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/spacelaw/treatystatus/AC105_C2_2019_CRP03E.pdf (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 29.
Comisión Mixta argentino – paraguaya del Río Paraná (COMIP). This Commission was created in 1971 by Argentina and Paraguay to study and evaluate the technical and economic possibilities of the use of Parana River’s resources, see ¿Qué es la COMIP?, COMIP, https://www.comip.org.ar/quienessomos/ (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 30.
Intervención de la República de Paraguay, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, Presidencia de la República, UNISPACE + 50 Symposium Presentations, UNOOSA, 19 June 2018, http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/unispace/plus50/Presentations_SYMPOSIUM/Presentation18.pdf.
- 31.
Acuerdo Marco entre la Comisión Mixta Argentino Paraguaya del Río Paraná (COMIP) y la Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE), Buenos Aires, 20 March 2018, available at https://www.comip.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Convenio-Marco-COMIP-CONAE.pdf (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 32.
La AEP en fase de fortalecimiento, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 19 January 2018, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/la-aep-en-fase-de-fortalecimiento (accessed 15 September 2019). In 2019, AEP launched a call to Paraguay’s university students to participate in a UNOOSA scholarship for the International Course on Space Engineering in Kyutech, see Posgrado en Ingerniería Espacial UNOOSA, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/oportunidades/posgrado-en-ingenieria-espacial-unoosa (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 33.
Letter of Intent between Paraguay Space Agency, Universidad Nacional de Asunción and BIRDS Project at Kyushu Institute of Technology, 21 June 2018, https://www.una.py/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Carta-de-intencio%CC%81n-entre-la-UNA-y-KYUSHU-Institute-of-Teccnology-Japon.pdf.
- 34.
Audiencia con el Sr. Embajador de la República de China, Taiwán, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 14 February 2018, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/audiencia-con-el-sr-embajador-de-la-republica-de-china-taiwan (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 35.
Beca de Maestría de la Embajada de Taiwán, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/oportunidades/beca-maestria-MOFA-taiwan (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 36.
Visita del Embajador de la Federación Rusa, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 21 February 2019, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/visita-del-embajador-de-la-federacion-rusa (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 37.
Becas de Grado y Postgrado del Gobierno de la Federación de Rusia, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/oportunidades/becas-de-grado-y-postgrado-del-gobierno-de-la-federacion-de-rusia-para-setiembre-de-2019 (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 38.
Joint Global Multi Nation BIRDS 1, BIRDS, https://birds1.birds-project.com/ (accessed 14 September 2019).
- 39.
BIRDS objectives are: teach engineering graduate students the entire process for putting a satellite into space—from mission planning, to hardware design, to spacecraft testing, to launching, and to in-orbit operation; lay down the foundation for a sustainable space program in non-space-faring countries by building-up human capital in universities—i.e., create a university space research and education program using graduating students; and using the same students, create an international human network that can assist members develop their infant space programs through cooperation and by sharing information and experiences. See Maeda G. et al., BIRDS Project Newsletter, Issue No. 1, Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering (LaSEINE), Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan, January 2016, https://birds1.birds-project.com/JGMNB_NEWSLETTER_NO1.pdf.
- 40.
El primer satélite paraguayo, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/proyectos/guaranisat (accessed 14 September 2019). See also Satélite paraguayo está listo y preparan puesta en órbita, Última Hora, 15 September 2019, https://www.ultimahora.com/satelite-paraguayo-esta-listo-y-preparan-puesta-orbita-n2843857.html (accessed 4 October 2019).
- 41.
Primer satélite paraguayo entrará en operación a mediados de 2020, Última Hora, 5 October 2019, https://www.ultimahora.com/primer-satelite-paraguayo-entrara-operacion-mediados-2020-n2847548.html (accessed 9 October 2019).
- 42.
Ibid.
- 43.
Proyecto CABUREI-4S, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/proyectos/proyecto-caburei-4s (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 44.
I Foro sobre Cluster de la Industria Espacial y Aeronáutica, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 26 January 2018, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/i-foro-sobre-cluster-de-la-industria-espacial-y-aeronautica (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 45.
I Simposio Espacial del Este, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 27 March 2018, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/i-simposio-espacial-del-este (accessed 15 September 2019).
- 46.
II Conferencia Espacial del Paraguay: “En pos del desarrollo de la capacidad espacial”, Agencia Espacial del Paraguay, 12 October 2018, http://www.aep.gov.py/index.php/noticias/ii-conferencia-espacial-del-paraguay (accessed 15 September 2019).
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Froehlich, A., Amante Soria, D.A., De Marchi, E. (2020). Paraguay. In: Space Supporting Latin America. Studies in Space Policy, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38520-0_13
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