Abstract
This chapter presents an historical review of some trends in Swedish and English societies, particularly regarding education policies, conditions and debates, with a focus on their development and influence on Citizenship Education in the late 1800s to 1960s. This broadly modern-historical context presents a perspective on the differences and similarities of citizenship as defined, taught and experienced today. It becomes clear that certain social groups had the opportunity to develop into full-fledged citizenship while others were effectively excluded. As well as considering the role of formal education in that unequal distribution of opportunity, ways in which prevailing norms and values were embedded in law are also considered.
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Leighton, R., Nielsen, L. (2020). School Political Debates, Policy Documents and Citizenship Education 1800s–1960s. In: The Citizen in Teaching and Education. Palgrave Studies in Global Citizenship Education and Democracy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38415-9_3
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