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The Sol-Gel Chemistry of Oxides from Metal Salts

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Introduction to Sol-Gel Processing

Abstract

This chapter is focused on the chemical transformations of metal salt solutions, to synthesize oxide sol-gel materials. The physicochemical characteristics of water, which is both a solvent and a sol-gel reagent, and of the main organic solvents are first summarized. The partial charge model is then presented as a global comprehensive support to the formation and transformation of the main cation complexes, in liquid medium. This part includes the role of anions and other complexing additives, such as the chelating agents. The following section then addresses the chemical reactions involved with water, traditionally divided into two groups: hydrolysis and condensation. The behavior of cationic solutions depending on the cation nature is next reviewed, in relationship with their electrostatic characteristics. The cases of Al and Si are examined in more detail. The mixing of several different cations is addressed in a further section which includes a relatively new sol-gel route known as the “Pechini method.”

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  1. allée des écureuils, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, ROCHETAILLEE SUR SAONE, France

    Alain C. Pierre

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Pierre, A.C. (2020). The Sol-Gel Chemistry of Oxides from Metal Salts. In: Introduction to Sol-Gel Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38144-8_2

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