Abstract
Environmental protection is a major issue which should be addressed for the betterment of humankind. The increased number of emerging pollutants from the industries as well as by man-made activities is a threat to the environment. Pesticides, insecticides, dyes, phenols, endocrine disrupters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nitrogen compounds are the pollutants in our environment. Recently, farmers, food manufactures and companies are under pressure from the consumers and legislation for providing the essential entities such as food which is higher in quality, free from chemicals and pollutants and having higher nutritional value. A higher number of pollutants in water, soil as well as in food are posing potential hazard to human health. So, a more stringent legislation should be introduced for controlling the release of contaminants as well as for the monitoring of the resources.
Demand for fresh and natural foods which are free from pathogens, having lesser preservatives and additives as well as having higher nutritional value, has fuelled the demand for rapid sensing methods. Biosensors are the tools highly selective and sensitive for detecting the environmental pollutants as well as for monitoring different resources. There are several types of biosensors employed in the field of agriculture, environment and food and biomedical industries for detecting as well as removing the living or non-living contaminants. Detection of microbial invasions in the body as well as in the food, detection of levels of glucose in the body whether higher or lower, detection of heavy metals and insecticides/pesticides in the soil and water and detection of water- and airborne microorganisms can be easily as well as timely monitored via biosensors. In this chapter, we reviewed different issues related to the environment, food as well as human health and found that biosensors are playing a crucial role in monitoring the environment, food materials and human health.
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Authors would like to thank Professor S. Selvakumar, Director of Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Himachal Pradesh, India, for the kind encouragement and facility to pursue this present work.
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Rani, V., Verma, M.L. (2020). Biosensor Applications in the Detection of Heavy Metals, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Biological Oxygen Demand, Endocrine Disruptors, Hormones, Dioxin, and Phenolic and Organophosphorus Compounds. In: Kumar Tuteja, S., Arora, D., Dilbaghi, N., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Nanosensors for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 43. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38101-1_1
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