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Myosin XIX

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Myosins

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1239))

Abstract

The birth of widely available genomic databases at the turn of the millennium led to the identification of many previously unknown myosin genes and identification of novel classes of myosin, including MYO19. Further sequence analysis has revealed the unique evolutionary history of class XIX myosins. MYO19 is found in species ranging from vertebrates to some unicellular organisms, while it has been lost from some lineages containing traditional experimental model organisms. Unique sequences in the motor domain suggest class-specific mechanochemistry that may relate to its cellular function as a mitochondria-associated motor. Work over the past 10 years has demonstrated that MYO19 is an actin-activated ATPase capable of actin-based transport, and investigation of some of the conserved differences within the motor domain indicate their importance in MYO19 motor activity. The cargo-binding MyMOMA tail domain contains two distinct mechanisms of interaction with mitochondrial outer membrane components, and perturbation of MYO19 expression leads to alterations in mitochondrial movement and dynamics that impact cell function. This chapter summarizes the current state of the field and highlights potential new directions of inquiry.

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Acknowledgements

Myosin XIX studies by OAQ began as part of his NIH-IRACDA-funded postdoctoral fellowship with Richard Cheney at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. OAQ is grateful to Richard Cheney and the greater cytoskeleton community at UNC. Additionally, the work was supported by The Franklin & Marshall College Department of Biology, The Whitman Summer Fellows Program at the MBL, Mount Holyoke College Department of Biology, and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology during OAQ’s appointments at each of those institutions. The studies were also supported by Ernest Everett Just Endowed Research Fellowship, Robert Day Allen Fellowship, and The Laura & Arthur Colwin Endowed Summer Research Fellowship from the MBL, as well as K01CA160667 & R15GM119077 from NIH. OAQ would like to thank Margaret Titus (University of Minnesota) and Christopher Yengo (Penn State College of Medicine) for their mentorship in the marvelous world of myosins, and the 60+ undergraduate researchers who have made discovery-based science a joy to share.

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Author notes

  1. Authors Jennifer L. Bocanegra and Rebecca C. Adikes have equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jennifer L. Bocanegra

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Rebecca Adikes

  3. Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA

    Omar A. Quintero

Authors
  1. Jennifer L. Bocanegra
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  2. Rebecca Adikes
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  3. Omar A. Quintero
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Correspondence to Omar A. Quintero .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Lynne M. Coluccio

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Bocanegra, J.L., Adikes, R., Quintero, O.A. (2020). Myosin XIX. In: Coluccio, L. (eds) Myosins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1239. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_20

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