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Toxicity Management for Thorax Tumors in Radiation Oncology

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Book cover Prevention and Management of Acute and Late Toxicities in Radiation Oncology

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Abstract

Thorax is site of tumors arising from structures residing in it (lung cancer, esophageal cancer, lymphoma) and metastasis from many malignancies. Lung cancer, being one of the most frequent and deadliest malignancies worldwide, requires high doses of radiotherapy when given in conventional fractionation or hypofraction in the definitive-curative setting, thus leading to sometimes severe, debilitating, and fatal toxicities. Similarly, radiotherapy for breast and esophageal cancers, lymphoma, thymoma, or any other cancer located in thorax can have similar detrimental effect on thoracic structures, if dose constraints are violated. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) has gained popularity due to its effectiveness in both primary early stage lung cancer and metastatic disease. Due to its novelty, new data regarding risk factors and constraints, previously unnoticed toxicity has been encountered in this setting. In this chapter we aim to define patient, treatment, and dosimetric related risk factors leading to toxicities in thoracic organs at risk (OAR) such as lungs, heart, esophagus, chest wall, major airways and vessels, as well as review the body of knowledge regarding mitigation of acute and chronic radiation therapy toxicities in these organs. We will focus on non-stochastic effects and prevention of stochastic events such as secondary cancers are not the scope of the chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey

    Teuta Zoto Mustafayev

  2. Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey

    Banu Atalar

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  1. Teuta Zoto Mustafayev
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  1. Chair and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Gokhan Ozyigit

  2. Chair and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ugur Selek

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Zoto Mustafayev, T., Atalar, B. (2020). Toxicity Management for Thorax Tumors in Radiation Oncology. In: Ozyigit, G., Selek, U. (eds) Prevention and Management of Acute and Late Toxicities in Radiation Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37798-4_4

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