Skip to main content

Preputial Malignancy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 878 Accesses

Abstract

Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm, most commonly affecting men aged 50–70 years old and it representing less than 1% of all malignancies in the USA and Europe, but it represents a significant public health hazard in the developing world. The most common site for penile cancer is the glans, followed by the prepuce, or both. The vast majority of invasive neoplasms of the penis are squamous cell carcinoma. Other primary malignancies include but are not limited to basal cell carcinoma, extra-mammary Paget’s disease, melanoma, lymphoma and various rare mesenchymal tumours. There are many risk factors which may predispose to preputial malignancies; some of it are debatable; like akroposthia, buried penis, phimosis, and banalities xerotica, others are well documented like smoking and papilloma virus infection. There are many benign pathologies which are incriminated as a precancerous lesions; like Zoon’s balanitis, condyloma acuminatum and Queyrat Bowen’s disease. Also, penile and preputial neoplasia are detected infrequently in animals, specially horses and dogs and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AABP:

Adult acquired buried penis

HPV:

Human Papilloma virus

MALToma:

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

PCB:

Plasma cell balanitis

PeIN:

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia

SCC:

Penile squamous cell carcinoma

WHO:

The World Health Organisation

ZB:

Zoon’s balanitis

References

  1. Montes Cardona CE, Garcia-Perdomo HA. Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e117.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Douglawi A, Masterson TA. Penile cancer epidemiology and risk factors: a contemporary review. Curr Opin Urol. 2019;29(2):145–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Flaherty A, Kim T, Giuliano A, Magliocco A, Hakky TS, Pagliaro LC, Spiess PE. Implications for human papillomavirus in penile cancer. Urol Oncol. 2014;32(1):53.e1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Madsen BS, van den Brule AJC, Jensen HL, Wohlfahrt J, Frisch M. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis—population-based case-control study in Denmark. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2008;17(10):2683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Velazquez EF, Bock A, Soskin A, Codas R, Arbo M, Cubilla AL. Preputial variability and preferential association of long phimotic foreskins with penile cancer: an anatomic comparative study of types of foreskin in a general population and cancer patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(7):994–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Archier E, Devaux S, Castela E, Gallini A, Aubin F, Le Maître M, Aractingi S, Bachelez H, Cribier B, Joly P, Jullien D, Misery L, Paul C, Ortonne JP, Richard MA. Carcinogenic risks of psoralen UV-A therapy and narrowband UV-B therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(Suppl 3):22–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Frisch M, Friis S, Kjaer SK, Melbye M. Falling incidence of penis cancer in an uncircumcised population (Denmark 1943-90). BMJ. 1995;311(7018):1471.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hellberg D, Valentin J, Eklund T, Nilsson S. Penile cancer: is there an epidemiological role for smoking and sexual behaviour? Br Med J. 1987;295(6609):1306–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pekala KR, et al. The prevalence of penile cancer in patients with adult acquired buried penis. Urology. 2019;133:229–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2019.07.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bunker CB, Shim TN. Male genital lichen sclerosus. Indian J Dermatol. 2015;60(2):111–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Buechner S. Common skin disorders of the penis. BJU Int. 2002;90:498–506. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02962.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Starritt E, Lee S. Erythroplasia of Queyrat of the glans penis on a background of Zoon’s plasma cell balanitis. Australas J Dermatol. 2008;49:103–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Anic GM, Giuliano AR. Genital HPV infection and related lesions in men. Prev Med. 2011;53(Suppl 1):S36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sewell A, Oxley J. An overview of benign and premalignant lesions of the foreskin. Diagn Histopathol. 2019;25:390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpdhp.2019.07.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mosconi AM, Roila F, Gatta G, Theodore C, et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;53(2):165–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Manavi K, Kemmett D. A case of penile superficial basal cell carcinoma involving the inner surface of foreskin. Int J STD AIDS. 2005;16:766–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Haque S, Noble J, Wotherspoon A, Woodhouse C, Cunningham D. MALT lymphoma of the foreskin. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:1699–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Eisner BH, McAleer SJ, Gargollo PC, Perez-Atayde A, Diamond DA, Elder JS. Pediatric penile tumors of mesenchymal origin. Urology. 2006;68(6):1327–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lan TY, Lin DT, Tien HF, Yang RS, Chen CY, Wu K. Prognostic factors of treatment outcomes in patients with granulocytic sarcoma. Acta Haematol. 2009;122:238–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Schwartz RA, Micali G, Nasca MR, Scuderi L. Kaposi sarcoma: a continuing conundrum. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:179–206; quiz 7-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kathuria S, Jablokow VR, Molnar Z. Leiomyosarcoma of penile prepuce with ultrastructural study. Urology. 1986;27(6):556–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang K, Da J, Yao HJ, Zheng DC, Cai ZK, Jiang YQ, Xu MX, Wang Z. Metastatic tumors of the penis: a report of 8 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hakenberg OW, Dräger DL, Erbersdobler A, Naumann CM, Jünemann KP, Protzel C. The diagnosis and treatment of penile cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(39):646–52. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0646.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cheng L, Bostwick DG, editors. Essentials of anatomic pathology. Cham: Springer; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23380-2_40.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fahmy, M.A.B. (2020). Preputial Malignancy. In: Normal and Abnormal Prepuce. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37621-5_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37621-5_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37620-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37621-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics