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The Recognition of the New Digital Entrepreneurs in France: The Case of the French Tech with the Emergence of the Internet of Things

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Beyond Smart and Connected Governments

Part of the book series: Public Administration and Information Technology ((PAIT,volume 30))

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Abstract

Since 2014, the question of the implementation of the Internet of Things has been crucial in France. Public authorities have created arenas where digital entrepreneurs and politicians can discuss the evolution of the Internet of Things. In January 2017, the National Assembly published a report on the economic and social consequences of the adaptation of the Internet of Things. This chapter analyzes the political discourse that gives legitimacy to the implementation of the Internet of Things in France. The digital entrepreneurs are the privileged actors of this implementation; their social recognition by the French Parliament and the labelling campaigns (French Tech) reinforce the myth of technological innovation. The field of the critical analysis of discourse is mobilized to evaluate the spread of this new myth in France and the analysis of the legitimization of the digital entrepreneurs. This case study reveals how European countries tackle new digital policies in order to control the evolution of the Internet of Things and the field of artificial intelligence.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/us/politics/obama-2016-sotu-transcript.html

    Retrieved 19 February 2018.

  2. 2.

    http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-administration-helps-smart-city-growth-for-iot-internet-of-things-2016-3?r=US&IR=T&IR=T Retrieved 19 February 2018.

  3. 3.

    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-congress/u-s-senators-to-introduce-bill-to-secure-internet-of-things-idUSKBN1AH474 Retrieved 19 February 2018.

  4. 4.

    https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings/disrupter-series-internet-things-manufacturing-innovation/ Retrieved 19 February 2018.

  5. 5.

    Congressman Pallone (New Jersey) put emphasis on that balance in his statement during the hearing. https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings/disrupter-series-internet-things-manufacturing-innovation/ Retrieved 19 February 2018, “As with all connected technologies, strong cybersecurity is essential to successful smart manufacturing” (https://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/pallone-opening-remarks-at-internet-of-things-hearing)

  6. 6.

    http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF17/20180118/106781/HHRG-115-IF17-Wstate-MasneyR-20180118.pdf Retrieved 20 February 2018

  7. 7.

    http://www.sramanamitra.com/2016/06/27/thought-leaders-in-internet-of-things-tom-bianculli-vice-president-of-technology-office-at-zebra-technologies-part-1/ Retrieved first of March 2018

  8. 8.

    http://www.ipt.org.uk/Events/Event-News/Details/The-Internet-of-Things-and-the-Evolution-of-Smart-Technologies Retrieved second of March 2018

  9. 9.

    http://www.ipt.org.uk/Events/Event-News/Details/The-Internet-of-Things-and-the-Evolution-of-Smart-Technologies Retrieved second of March 2018

  10. 10.

    It is interesting to point out that Emmanuel Macron devoted a part of his presidential campaign in 2017 to that topic.

  11. 11.

    http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/high-tech/hollande-inaugure-le-french-tech-hub-de-san-francisco-sur-fond-de-polemiques_1333899.html, 12 February 2014, retrieved 17 May 2017.

  12. 12.

    http://www.20minutes.fr/high-tech/1297666-20140213-20140213-francois-hollande-inaugure-french-tech-hub-coeur-silicon-valley, 13 February 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

  13. 13.

    https://www.talentoday.com. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

  14. 14.

    https://www.wimi-teamwork.com. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

  15. 15.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/pdf/projets/pl1395.pdf. Retrieved 19 May 2017.

  16. 16.

    http://www.gouvernement.fr/en/manuel-valls-in-davos-france-is-here-to-say-that-it-is-implementing-strong-and-courageous-reforms. Retrieved 19 May 2017.

  17. 17.

    http://www.iot-valley.fr/eng#accelerator. Retrieved 20 May 2017.

  18. 18.

    http://leconnected.camp. Retrieved 20 May 2017.

  19. 19.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 13 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  20. 20.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp. The translation into English is ours. Retrieved 25 May 2017.

  21. 21.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 13 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  22. 22.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 13 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  23. 23.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/amendements/4235/AN/221.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017).

  24. 24.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  25. 25.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  26. 26.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  27. 27.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  28. 28.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  29. 29.

    http://discours.vie-publique.fr/notices/117001029.html

  30. 30.

    It is our translation from French into English. Retrieved 19 July 2017.

  31. 31.

    http://www.vie-publique.fr/actualite/alaune/internet-objets-quoi-s-agit-il-20150119.html

    « Internet des objets: de quoi s’agit-il? », 8 January 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2017.

  32. 32.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  33. 33.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-eco/14-15/c1415079.asp (Retrieved 15 July 2017). The translation into English is ours.

  34. 34.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/rap-info/i4362.asp#P1020_291709 (Retrieved 20 July 2017).

  35. 35.

    http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2016.pdf (Retrieved 20 July 2017)

  36. 36.

    http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2016.pdf (Retrieved 20 July 2017)

  37. 37.

    http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/rap-info/i4362.asp#P1020_291709 (Retrieved 20 July 2017)

  38. 38.

    https://www.anses.fr/en/system/files/AP2015SA0210Ra.pdf (Retrieved 20 July 2017)

Abbreviations

ANSES:

French National Agency of Sanitary Safety

CDA:

Critical Discourse Analysis

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EAI:

Enterprise asset intelligence

Inria:

The Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation

IoT:

The Internet of Things

NFC:

Near field communication

NGO:

Nongovernment organizations

PPP:

Public–private partnership

WIPO:

World Intellectual Property Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Romance Studies and Classics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Christophe Premat

  2. Centre for vancement of University Teaching, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Christophe Premat

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  1. University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA

    J. Ramon Gil-Garcia , Theresa A. Pardo  & Mila Gasco-Hernandez ,  & 

  2. Universidad de las Americas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico

    J. Ramon Gil-Garcia

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Premat, C. (2020). The Recognition of the New Digital Entrepreneurs in France: The Case of the French Tech with the Emergence of the Internet of Things. In: Gil-Garcia, J.R., Pardo, T.A., Gasco-Hernandez, M. (eds) Beyond Smart and Connected Governments. Public Administration and Information Technology, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37464-8_8

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