Abstract
The sequential nature of organizational turmoil details the complexities associated with the challenges facing the researcher, investigator, or problem solver. A model describing the Event to Disaster Phenomenon presents a unique way to think about effects associated with a crisis, catastrophe, or disaster. The discussion regarding the particular features of an event makes careful measurement of a crisis possible. Tools presented enable the new ways to think about and measure features of a crisis, catastrophe, and disaster.
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Notes
- 1.
Robin Wagner-Pacifici, What is an Event (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017), p. 8.
- 2.
Editors. “Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand assassinated”. History.com. Accessed, October 23, 2019. A&E Television Networks. Originally Published, February 9, 2010.
- 3.
Wardah Hajra. 10 Tragic Selfies Taken Seconds Before Disaster Struck. Wonderlist.com Accessed October 23, 2019.
- 4.
John H. Miller and Scott E. Page. Complext Adaptive Systems: In Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Princenton: Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 214–226.
- 5.
Editors. “Timeline: BP oil spill.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-10656239, September 9, 2010. Also looking at timelines for the Boeing 737 Max (from businessinsider.com -- https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-737-max-timeline-history-full-details-2019-9), Volkswagen software (from the Guardian.com https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/dec/10/volkswagen-emissions-scandal-timeline-events), the 911 event (from history.com https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-timeline) and more.
- 6.
Ibid.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Ian Stewart. In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World NY: Basic Books, 2012. p. 249.
- 9.
Virgil Scudder. “Chief Blunder Officer: Learning From Tony Hayward’s Miscues” The Public Relations Strategist—Summer 2010 Issue PRSA.org August 20, 2010. https://apps.prsa.org/Intelligence/TheStrategist/Articles/view/8754/1019/Chief_Blunder_Officer_Learning_From_Tony_Hayward_s.
- 10.
British Standards Institution. “PAS 200:2011 crisis management: guidance and good practice.” Great Britain Cabinet office. 2011 NOTE: “The standard—known technically as PAS 200—advises organisations on the kind of capabilities they need to develop and maintain in order to detect, prepare and respond to a crisis. Sponsored by the Cabinet Office, the crisis management specification has been developed in consultation with some of the UK’s leading businesses and public bodies, including the Bank of England, Blake Emergency, the UK Emergency Planning Group and Thomas Cook. The standard is designed to deal with the kind of organisational upheaval caused by events such as the recent England riots which were unexpected and had a major impact on organisations across the UK. It can also help organisations preparing for potential challenges during the 2012 London Olympics.” https://www.worldcat.org/title/pas-2002011-crisis-management-guidance-and-good-practice/oclc/764798377.
- 11.
Dennis Tafoya. Organizations in Crisis (Palgrave/Macmillan, 2013).
- 12.
Dennis Tafoya. Managing Organizational Crisis and Brand Trauma (Palgrave/Macmillan, 2017.).
- 13.
Our Foreign Staff. “MeToo movement founder Tarana Burke says time for talk is over as she calls for action” telegraph.co.uk 6 May 2018 • 2:26 AM.
- 14.
Roberts, Frank Leon. “How Black Lives Matter Changed the Way Americans Fight for Freedom” ACLU.org July 13, 2018 | 3:45 PM.
- 15.
Lopez, German. “2018 was by far the worst year on record for gun violence in schools” Vox.com December 10, 2018.
- 16.
Reid, Jason. “Say goodbye to Colin Kaepernick as an NFL player” theundefeated.com October 17, 2017.
- 17.
Hatewatch Staff. White Supremacist William Fears to Get Five Years in Prison
Southern Poverty Law Center, October 11, 2019.
- 18.
Editors. “Definition and Characteristics of a Crisis” risklogic.com.au 03, 2016.
- 19.
Editors. “Database of Publicly Accused Priests in the United States” https://bishop-accountability.org/priestdb/PriestDBbylastName-A.html.
- 20.
Claudia Lauer and Meghan Hoyer. “Almost 1,700 priests and clergy accused of sex abuse are unsupervised.” https://www.nbcnews.com/news/religion/nearly-1-700-priests-clergy-accused-sex-abuse-are-unsupervised-n1062396.
- 21.
Lindsay Schnell “More Americans than ever are leaving the Catholic Church after the sex abuse scandal. Here’s why.” USA TODAY April 22, 2019.
- 22.
Michelle Boorstein and Sarah Pulliam Bailey. “More U.S. Catholics are considering leaving the church over the sex abuse crisis, poll says” March 13, 2019 at 4:00 a.m. EDT The Washington Post.com.
- 23.
Editors. “Businesses find employees scarier than hackers.” thedrum.com, July 17, 2019.
- 24.
Bensinger, Greg. “Google CEO, in leaked video, says company is ‘genuinely struggling’ with employee trust: At company’s weekly town hall with employees, executives assail leaks and defend hiring DHS official.” washingtonpost.com, October 25, 2019.
- 25.
Ibid.
- 26.
Halpern, James and Karla Vermeulen. “Disaster Mental Health Interventions: Core Principles and Practices” New York Office of Mental Health, 2017.
- 27.
Ibid., p. 2.
- 28.
Bayard, Kimberly and Ryan Decker and Charles Gilbert. “Natural Disasters and the Measurement of Industrial Production: Hurricane Harvey, a Case Study” Feds Notes. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System October 11, 2017.
- 29.
Hall, Julia. How do you measure disaster risk? American Statistical Association 25 August 2015. Originally posted in Environment & Nature.
- 30.
Hopkins, Dan. “The political fallout of natural disasters” Washingtonpost.com May 26, 2013.
- 31.
Horney, Jennifer. “How Do Scientists Measure the Public Health Impacts of Natural Disasters?” smithsonian.com October 30, 2017.
- 32.
Quarantelli, E. L. “Catastrophes are Different from Disasters: Some Implications for Crisis Planning and Managing Drawn from Katrina” Social Sciences Research Council. June 11, 2006.
- 33.
Editors. “From Hazard to Catastrophe.” The Hartford Courant. July 12, 2007.
- 34.
Editors. “US Department of Homeland Security National Response Framework.” FEMA. Chapter 2: Response Actions, p. 42. 2008 Available at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf.
- 35.
Ibid. Quarantelli.
- 36.
Ibid. Hartford Courant.
- 37.
Ibid.
- 38.
Editors. FEMA, p. 4.
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Tafoya, D.W. (2020). Tracking Turmoil, Disorder, and Confusion. In: Crisis, Catastrophe, and Disaster in Organizations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37074-9_3
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