Abstract
Disorders of the proximal lacrimal system include obstructions at the level of puncta or the canaliculi. Irrespective of the level of the obstruction, epiphora is the most common presenting symptom. Management depends on the severity of the symptoms and asymptomatic patients can be observed. Canalicular obstructions need procedures like conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy canalicular trephination or Botulinum toxin injection.
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Menon, V., Bisht, A. (2020). Canalicular Obstruction. In: El Toukhy, E. (eds) Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_24
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