Abstract
This chapter examines how state paternalism affects autonomy. Paternalism is described as active and passive, both of which affect personal liberty but can be regarded as beneficial. The ethico-legal issues associated with paternalism are considered in detail and how the state might claim the right to use face recognition technology without consent is examined.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Pomeroy (1994).
- 3.
Mann (1984).
- 4.
ibid pp. 187–188.
- 5.
ibid p. 188.
- 6.
Wikipedia (n.d.).
- 7.
Mann (1984), p. 188.
- 8.
Petit (1996), pp. 578–604.
- 9.
ibid p. 578.
- 10.
ibid p. 580.
- 11.
- 12.
Hobbes (1651).
- 13.
Petit (1996), p. 596.
- 14.
- 15.
Petit (1996) p. 596.
- 16.
ibid p. 599.
- 17.
ibid p. 600.
- 18.
See Chap. 3.
- 19.
Chesterman (2011), p. 9.
- 20.
Nelson (2011), p. 66.
- 21.
Doyal and Gough (1991), p. 89.
- 22.
American Constitution.
- 23.
Mill (1859) in Gray J, Smith GW (1991), p. 33. My italics.
- 24.
ibid p. 30.
- 25.
McClory (2010).
- 26.
- 27.
Gray (1991), p. 197.
- 28.
Mill (1859), pp. 74–75.
- 29.
See Quattrociocchi et al. (2016).
- 30.
Mill (1859), p. 90.
- 31.
Dworkin (1988) (reprinted 1997), p. 10.
- 32.
See Smart and Williams (1973).
- 33.
See Fine (1984), pp. 20–26.
- 34.
- 35.
Dworkin (1988), p. 11.
- 36.
Mill (1859), p. 33.
- 37.
Dworkin (1988), pp. 16–17.
- 38.
Mill (1859), p. 90.
- 39.
The random checks are indicative of the political will not to attribute social typologies and avoid social sorting. Further discussion of this phenomena is beyond the scope of this book.
- 40.
Nelson (2011), p. 165.
- 41.
CCTV & Surveillance Cameras. For example, crime prevention on London buses.
- 42.
Nelson (2011), p. 167.
- 43.
See Whitehead (2013), p. 86.
- 44.
Mill (1859), pp. 30–31.
- 45.
Nelson (2011), p. 106.
- 46.
Kremer (2014), p. 128.
- 47.
Van de Veer (1986), p. 41.
- 48.
TSA-OSO Form 1000 (Rev. 1-13-2010).
- 49.
Accardo and Chaudhry Ahmed (2014), pp. 198–200.
- 50.
ibid p. 199.
- 51.
Nelson (2011), p. 171 reflecting on Hart HLA ‘Paternalism “the protection of people against themselves” according to Hart, is necessary to the preservation of society, but the enforcement of morality requires justification that society finds acceptable lest the exercise of power be viewed as illegitimate’.
- 52.
For example, the United States ‘Secure Flight Program’.
- 53.
- 54.
Nelson (2011), p. 192.
- 55.
Beauchamp and Childress (2001).
- 56.
For instance, social networks and the interoperability of multiple data dossiers that contain identity photographs. The potential aggregation of data is not second-order compliant because consenting to one use may leverage unconsented use elsewhere.
- 57.
The often dense and incomprehensible terms and conditions (T&Cs) may eventually disappear as the GDPR takes effect. However, if the T&Cs are not entirely clear and understandable, then they cannot be said to be providing information that allows consent to be informed.
- 58.
See Sect. 3.3.1 Public Disclosure.
- 59.
- 60.
Ponemon Institute.
- 61.
EEOC v. CONSOL Energy, Inc. and Consolidation Coal Company.
- 62.
EEOC sues Consol Energy and Consolidation Coal Company for religious discrimination.
- 63.
Curry (1997), p. 688.
- 64.
Gray (2003), p. 317.
- 65.
Legatum Institute Prosperity Index 2018.
- 66.
Royal Academy of Engineering (2007), p. 33.
- 67.
ibid, p. 11.
- 68.
Berle (2011).
- 69.
Dworkin (1988), p. 18.
- 70.
Foucault (1977).
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Berle, I. (2020). State Paternalism and Autonomy. In: Face Recognition Technology. Law, Governance and Technology Series, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36887-6_9
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