Abstract
Metals can provide an energy-dense, high-conductivity solution to the problem of storing heat latently in electric vehicles for space heating. However, many molten metals will react with container materials (e.g. stainless steel) when held for long periods at high temperatures. In this work, computational and experimental methods are introduced and results are presented for the compatibility of the eutectic alloy Al-12.7 wt.% Si with a number of potential container materials. Several promising new container materials are identified from a survey of two CALPHAD databases. Sodium silicide and vanadium silicide were identified as compatible at equilibrium and both viable options as they have been applied as coatings on steel in past work. Experimental results for static pellet compatibility tests for periods of up to two weeks are given for several other materials and are shown to conform to the literature and computational predictions. Recent developments in an experimental apparatus for the simulation of thermal storage materials undergoing erosive-corrosive wear are briefly discussed, providing an outlook for future research at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR).
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of a post-doctoral scholarship provided by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
The static pellet test apparatus was developed by Patrick Lehmann and Christof Dreißiacker at the Institute of Material Physics in Space. Advice in the selection of initial experiments was provided by Prof. Dr. Jürgen Brillo, and expertise in SEM and EDX analysis was given by Dr. Mathias Kolbe and Dr. Mareike Wegener all of the same institute. The authors gratefully acknowledge their contribution to this work.
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Appendix
Appendix
The thermal transport properties of Al-12.7 wt.% Si are relatively high as compared to other metals and extremely high relative to salt, wax, or oil TES materials. The thermal diffusivity for the eutectic as a function of temperature was measured using the Netzsch—LFA 467 HT HyperFlash® at the Institute of Material Physics in Space at the DLR. The alloy was purchased from Oetinger Aluminium NU Gmbh with mass percentages of 87.33% Al, 12.30% Si and 0.37% impurities (Fe being the main impurity). The results are shown in Fig. 5.
Measured thermal diffusivity of Al-12.7 wt.% Si as a function of temperature. The solid line is a simple linear fit to guide the eye
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Rawson, A.J., Gläsel, T., Nowak, B., Boon, D., Stahl, V., Kargl, F. (2020). The Compatibility of Metallic Thermal Storage Materials and Housing Materials: A Computational Survey and Accelerated Reaction Experiments. In: Chen, X., et al. Energy Technology 2020: Recycling, Carbon Dioxide Management, and Other Technologies. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36830-2_2
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