Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recrystallization Effects on the Forming Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy Sheets with Varied Calcium Concentration

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Magnesium Technology 2020

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

  • 1830 Accesses

Abstract

The formation of strong textures with a preferential alignment of the basal planes in the sheet plane was an important disadvantage for the formability of magnesium alloy sheets. Rare earth or calcium-alloying concepts allow significant texture changes during rolling, resulting in weaker textures, and thus improved the formability. Such a texture development has also been associated with retarded recrystallization. However, this retardation affects the formability during sheet forming operations at elevated temperature. The wrought alloy AZ31 and its Ca-modified counterpart AZX310 are used for Nakajima forming tests at different temperatures. The influence of recrystallization on the sheet formability is demonstrated along different strain paths including local microstructure analysis. The weaker texture due to the addition of Ca allows maintaining the improved formability, which is counteracted by retarded recrystallization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Klaumünzer D., Victoria Hernandez J., Yi S., Letzig D., Kim S.H., Kim J.J., Seo M.H., Ahn K. (2019) Magnesium Process and Alloy Development for Applications in the Automotive Industry. Magnesium Technology 2019 (TMS – The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society): 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Friedrich H., Schumann S. (2001) Research for a “new age of magnesium” in the automotive industry. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 117:276–281.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Styczynski A, Hartig C, Bohlen J, Letzig D. (2004) Cold rolling textures in AZ31 wrought magnesium alloy. Scripta Materialia 50:943–947.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jia W.P., Hu X.D., Zhao H.Y., Ju D.Y., Chen D.L. (2015) Texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets during warm rolling. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 645:70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Emley E.F. (1966) Principles of Magnesium Techology. Pergamon Press London.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Stutz L., Bohlen J., Kurz G., Letzig D., Kainer K.U. (2011) Influence of the processing of magnesium alloys AZ31 and ZE10 on the sheet formability at elevated temperature. Key Eng. Mater. 473:335–342.

    Google Scholar 

  7. He J., Mao Y., Fu Y., Jiang B., Xiong K., Zhang S., Pan F. (2019) Improving the room-temperature formability of Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy sheet by introducing an orthogonal four-peak texture. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 797:443–455.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chino Y., Ueda T., Otomatsu Y., Sassa K., Huang X., Suzuki K., Mabuchi M. (2011) Effects of Ca on Tensile Properties and Stretch Formability at Room Temperature in Mg–Zn and Mg–Al Alloys. Materials Transactions 52(7):1477–1482.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bohlen J., Wendt J., Nienaber M., Kainer K.U., Stutz L., Letzig D. (2015) Calcium and zirconium as texture modifiers during rolling and annealing of magnesium–zinc alloys. Materials Characterization 101:144–152.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Victoria-Hernández J., Yi S., Klaumünzer D., Letzig D. (2019) Recrystallization behavior and its relationship with deformation mechanisms of a hot rolled Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A 761 in press.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ha C., Bohlen J., Yi S., Zhou X., Brokmeier H.G., Schell N., Letzig D., Kainer K.U. (2019) Influence of Nd or Ca addition on the dislocation activity and texture changes of Mg–Zn alloy sheets under uniaxial tensile loading. Materials Science and Engineering A 761 in press.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Guo F., Jiang L., Yang M., Ma Y., Deng Y., Zhang D., Pan F. (2019) Tailoring the rolling texture of AZ31 Mg Alloy with Calcium and Tin Addition. Advanced Engineering Materials 21:1800920.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yi S. Park J.H., Letzig D., Kwon O.D., Kainer K.U., Kim J.J. (2016) Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ca containing AZX310 alloy sheets produced via twin roll casting technology. Magnesium Technology 2016 (TMS – The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society): 383– 387.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chaudry U.M., Kim T.H., Park S.D., Kim Y.S., Hamad K., Kim J.G. (2019) Effects of calcium on the activity of slip systems in AZ31 magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A 739:289–294.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dilmec M., Halkaci H.S., Ozturk F., Livatyali H., Yigit, O. (2013) Effects of sheet thickness and anisotropy on forming limit curves of AA2024-T4. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 67:2689–2700.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ricci, P.; El Mehtedi, M.; Barone, L.; Spigarelli, S. (2009) Effects of temperature and sheet thickness on formability ofAZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 604–605:147–152.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kree V, Bohlen J, Letzig D, Kainer K.U. (2004) The metallographical examination of magnesium alloys. Praktische Metallographie/Practical Metallography 41:233–246.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bachmann F, Hielscher R, Schaeben H. (2010) Texture Analysis with MTEX – Free and Open Source Software Toolbox. Solid State Phenomena 160:63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hasek V. (1978) Untersuchung und theoretische Beschreibung wichtiger Einflußgrößen auf das Grenzformänderungsschaubild. Blech Rohre Profile 25(10):213–220, 285-292, 493-499, 613-627.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bohlen J., Cano G., Drozdenko D., Dobron P., Kainer K., Gall S., Müller S., Letzig D. (2018) Processing Effects on the Formability of Magnesium Alloy Sheets. Metals 8(2):147.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bohlen J., Schlung O., Gall S., Müller S., Letzig D. (2016) Formability of extruded magnesium alloy sheets with different textures. Magnesium Technology 2016 (TMS – The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society) 251–256.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Shang L., Jung I.H., Yue S., Verma R., Essadiqi E. (2010) An investigation of formation of second phases in microalloyed AZ31 Mg alloys with Ca, Sr and Ce. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 492:173 – 183.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bohlen J., Nürnberg M.R., Senn J.W., Letzig D., Agnew S.R. (2007) The texture and anisotropy of magnesium–zinc–rare earth alloy sheets. Acta Materialia 55(6):2101–2112.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Al-Samman T., Li X. (2011) Sheet texture modification in magnesium-based alloys by selective rare earth alloying. Materials Science and Engineering A 528:3809–3822.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Agnew S.R. (2002) Plastic anisotropy of magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet. Magnesium Technology 2002 (TMS—The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society): 169–173.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Agnew S.R., Yoo M.H., Tome C.N. (2001) Application of texture simulation to understanding mechanical behaviour of Mg and solid solution alloys containing Li or Y. Acta Materialia 49:4277–4289.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bohlen J., Yi S., Letzig D., Kainer K.U. (2010) Effect of rare earth elements on the microstructure and texture development in magnesium–manganese alloys during extrusion. Mater. Sci. Eng. A527:7092–7098.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cepeda-Jiménez C.M., Molina-Aldareguia J.M., Carreño F., Pérez-Prado M.T. (2015) Prominent role of basal slip during high-temperature deformation of pure Mg polycrystals. Acta Materialia 85:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jäger A., Lukáč P., Gärtnerová V., Bohlen J., Kainer K.U. (2004) Tensile properties of hot rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheets at elevated temperatures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 378:184–187.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zeng Z.R., Zhu Y.M., Nie J.F., Xu S.W., Davies C.H.J., Birbilis N. (2019) Effects of calcium on Strength and Microstructural Evolution of Extruded Alloys Based on Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.3Mn. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 50:4344–4363.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Chaudry U.M., Kim T.H., Kim Y.S., Hamad K., Ko Y.G., Kim J.G. (2019) Dynamic recrystallization behaviour of AZ31–0.5Ca magnesium alloy during warm rolling. Materials Science and Engineering A 762: in press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Magnesium Innovation Centre (MagIC), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck Str. 1, D 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Jan Bohlen, Huu Chanh Trinh, Sangbong Yi & Dietmar Letzig

  2. Faculty of Engineering at Christian-Albrechts-University, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany

    Huu Chanh Trinh & Klaus Rätzke

Authors
  1. Jan Bohlen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huu Chanh Trinh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Klaus Rätzke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sangbong Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dietmar Letzig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Bohlen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

    J. Brian Jordon

  2. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Victoria Miller

  3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA

    Vineet V. Joshi

  4. IND LLC, South Jordan, UT, USA

    Neale R. Neelameggham

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bohlen, J., Trinh, H.C., Rätzke, K., Yi, S., Letzig, D. (2020). Recrystallization Effects on the Forming Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy Sheets with Varied Calcium Concentration. In: Jordon, J., Miller, V., Joshi, V., Neelameggham, N. (eds) Magnesium Technology 2020. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36647-6_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation