Abstract
In this study, cylindrical rods of a low carbon Fe–Cr–Ni–Al maraging stainless steel (CX) were fabricated through selective laser melting (SLM) technique for both horizontal direction and cube samples with the dimensions of 15 × 15 × 15 mm. The microstructure and grain morphology of the as-built sample were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that in both cases the microstructure of the as-built sample consists of columnar dendrites aligned in the building direction because of the fast-directional cooling presents in the SLM process. However, the microstructural studies revealed that by changing the building method from cube to horizontal, both dendritic and grain structures have a tendency to change. Furthermore, the TEM results showed that different volume fractions of austenite and martensite phases were detected in both directions resulting from complex heat history and wide temperature range during the SLM process.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gu DD, Meiners W, Wissenbach K, Poprawe R (2012) Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms. Int Mater Rev 57:133–164. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743280411Y.0000000014
Lewandowski JJ, Seifi M (2016) Metal additive manufacturing: a review of mechanical properties. Ann Rev Mater Res 46:151–186
Frazier WE (2014) Metal additive manufacturing: a review. J Mater Eng Perform 23(6):1917–1928
Dutta B, Froes FHS (2014) Additive manufacturing of titanium alloys. Adv Mater Res 1019(Oct):19–25
Facchini L, Magalini E, Robotti P, Molinari A (2009) Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V produced by electron beam melting of pre-alloyed powders. Rapid Prototyp J 15(3):171–178
Parthasarathy J, Starly B, Raman S, Christensen A (2010) Mechanical evaluation of porous titanium (Ti6Al4V) structures with electron beam melting (EBM). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 3(3):249–259
Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Ramirez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J et al (2012) Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron beam melting technologies. J Mater Sci Technol 28(1):1–14
Collins PC, Haden CV, Ghamarian I, Hayes BJ, Ales T et al (2014) Progress toward an integration of process-structure-property-performance models for ‘three-dimensional (3-D) printing’ of titanium alloys. JOM 66(7):1299–1309
Yu J, Rombouts M, Maes G, Motmans F (2012) Material properties of Ti6Al4V parts produced by laser metal deposition. Phys Procedia 39:416–424
Leuders S, Thöne M, Riemer A, Niendorf T, Tröster T, Richard HA, Maier HJ (2013) On the mechanical behaviour of titanium alloy TiAl6V4 manufactured by selective laser melting: fatigue resistance and crack growth performance. Int J Fatigue 48:300–307
Asgari H, Mohammadi M, Microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel CX manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering. Mater Sci Eng, A 709:82–89
Hamlin RJ, DuPont JN (2017) Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of simulated heat-affected zones in cast precipitation-hardened stainless steels 17-4 and 13-8+ Mo. Metall Mater Trans, A 48(1):246–264
Rao H, Giet S, Yang K, Wu X, Davies CHJ (2016) The influence of processing parameters on aluminium alloy A357 manufactured by Selective Laser Melting. Mater Des 109(2016):334–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.009
Yang KV, Shi Y, Palm F, Wu X, Rometsch P (2018) Columnar to equiaxed transition in Al–Mg(–Sc)–Zr alloys produced by selective laser melting. Scr Mater 145:113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.10.021
Takata N, Kodaira H, Sekizawa K, Suzuki A, Kobashi M (2017) Change in microstructure of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy with heat treatments. Mater Sci Eng, A 704:218–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.08.029
Thijs L et al (2010) A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V. Acta Mater 58(9):3303–3312
Raza MR et al (2012) Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of vacuum sintered powder injection molded 316L stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 212(1):164–170
Schaller RF et al (2017) Corrosion properties of powder bed fusion additively manufactured 17-4 PH stainless steel. Corrosion 73(7):796–807
Allain-Bonasso N, Wagner F, Berbenni S, Field DP (2012) A study of the heterogeneity of plastic deformation in IF steel by EBSD. Mater Sci Eng, A 548(2012):56–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sanjari, M. et al. (2020). On the Effect of Building Direction on the Microstructure and Grain Morphology of a Selective Laser Melted Maraging Stainless Steel. In: TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36295-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36296-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)