Abstract
The concluding chapter, seeking answers to the prefatory questions, summarises the foregoing examination. It is impossible to predict BRI’s final outcome before all its planned projects are operational, but the evidence presented above suggests much anxiety informing Western analyses is rooted in a fear of the unknown precipitated by systemic transitional fluidity flowing from China’s rapid renascence, rather than a rational evaluation of the BRI blueprint per se. An uncertain transition from the 300-year old trans-Atlantic-centric political-economic order catalysed fearful suspicions and a profound displacement anxiety stemming from accretive disruptions backstopping Beijing’s BRI vision. Strategists’ angst-ridden, zero-sum prophecies drew greater attention than bankers’ reasoned analyses. A lack of objective detachment could promote self-fulfilling assumptions. This work aims to address that risk.
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Notes
- 1.
Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brunei, Cambodia, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, UAE, Vietnam.
- 2.
- 3.
Xi (2018a).
- 4.
Xi (2019a).
- 5.
Pence (2019).
- 6.
Baniya et al. (2018, p. 28).
- 7.
Baniya et al. (2018, p. 29).
- 8.
See, for instance, Ochmanek et al. (2015).
- 9.
Lu et al. (2018, pp. 2–3).
- 10.
Lu et al. (2018, pp. 3–8).
- 11.
Leading Group for Promoting the BRI (2019).
- 12.
FMPRC (2019).
- 13.
- 14.
Bo (2016).
- 15.
Pompeo (2018). Emphasis added.
- 16.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
Jones and Zeng (2019).
- 20.
- 21.
Shanahan et al. (2019).
- 22.
Shanahan (2019a).
- 23.
Pence (2019).
- 24.
Richardson (2019, p. 3). Emphasis added.
- 25.
Richardson (2019, p. 4).
- 26.
Shanahan (2019b).
- 27.
Shanahan (2019b).
- 28.
Shanahan (2019c).
- 29.
Wei (2019, pp. 1–3).
- 30.
Wei (2019, pp. 3–5).
- 31.
State Council (2019).
- 32.
Sabu et al. (2019).
- 33.
Shanahan (2019b).
- 34.
Lee (2019).
- 35.
Lee (2019).
- 36.
Mahathir (2019).
- 37.
- 38.
- 39.
Deng (1989a).
- 40.
- 41.
Li and Liang (2019).
- 42.
Deng (1989b).
- 43.
Deng (1989b).
- 44.
Deng (1989c).
- 45.
These being adherence to the socialist road, adherence to the people’s democratic dictatorship, adherence to the leadership of the CPC, and adherence to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. State Council (1979) Four Cardinal Principles. Foreign Language Press, Beijing, March 1979.
- 46.
Deng (1989c).
- 47.
- 48.
Deng (1989e).
- 49.
Deng (1989f).
- 50.
Deng (1989g).
- 51.
Deng (1989g).
- 52.
Deng (1989h).
- 53.
- 54.
MND (2009, Chap. 1).
- 55.
MND (2011). Preface.
- 56.
MND (2011, Chap. 1).
- 57.
MND (2011, Chap. 1).
- 58.
MND (2013).
- 59.
MND (2015).
- 60.
Yao (2016).
- 61.
Liu (2019b).
- 62.
Ford (2019).
- 63.
O’Rourke (2019).
- 64.
O’Rourke (2018, pp. 2–7).
- 65.
Xi (2018b).
- 66.
- 67.
Saunders et al. (2019, p. 723).
- 68.
MND (2019).
- 69.
Ashley (2019, p. 12).
- 70.
Ashley (2019, p. v).
- 71.
Davidson (2019).
- 72.
Shanahan (2019d).
- 73.
Shanahan (2019e).
- 74.
Shanahan (2019d).
- 75.
Esper (2019a).
- 76.
Esper (2019b).
- 77.
Strayer (2019).
- 78.
Carter and Hurt (2019).
- 79.
- 80.
Pence (2019).
- 81.
Mair and Packham (2019).
- 82.
Lu (2019).
- 83.
Xinhua (2018a).
- 84.
- 85.
Xi (2019b).
- 86.
Rudd (2018).
- 87.
Rudd (2018).
- 88.
Dobbins et al. (2018, p. 2).
- 89.
Dobbins et al. (2018, p. 10).
- 90.
Dobbins et al. (2018, p. 12).
- 91.
Shanahan (2019d).
- 92.
Shanahan (2019d).
- 93.
Rolland (2019).
- 94.
Skinner (2019).
- 95.
- 96.
- 97.
- 98.
Mazarr et al. (2018).
- 99.
Mazarr et al. (2018).
- 100.
Fravel et al. (2019).
- 101.
Esper (2019c).
- 102.
Milley (2019).
- 103.
Gilday (2019).
- 104.
Xi (2019c).
- 105.
Xi (2019c).
- 106.
- 107.
Armstrong (2019).
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Ali, S. (2020). Conclusion. In: China’s Belt and Road Vision. Global Power Shift. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36244-7_7
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