Skip to main content

Platforms for Procurement 4.0

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The use of innovative platforms in procurement 4.0 can yield various benefits, including supporting daily business and administrative tasks, aiding in complex decision-making, and helping in managing processes. The real objective of these platforms is to free up procurement and support its focusing on strategic decisions and activities. Procurement 4.0 platforms thus become a strategic interface to support organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability, and to create new business models, products, and services. This chapter confirms that there are still barriers to digitizing procurement processes. Such barriers are found in existing procedures, processes, capacities, and capabilities. Finally, the significance of several enabling platforms to the digitization process is analyzed and a roadmap for a successful digital transformation is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Tiboni, M., Aggogeri, F., Pellegrini, N., & Perani, C. A. (2019). Smart Modular Architecture for Supervision and Monitoring of a 4.0 Production Plant. International Journal of Automation Technology, 13(2), 310–318.

  2. 2.

    Lu, Y. (2017). Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 6, 1–10.

  3. 3.

    Cobots are tools that interact with co-workers within an organization. They are also called co-processors, or more simply, collaborative robots.

  4. 4.

    Lu, Y. (2017). Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 6, 1–10.

  5. 5.

    https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2012/07/the-power-of-procurement-a-global-survey-of-procurement-functions.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2019.

  6. 6.

    Bienhaus, F., & Haddud, A. (2018). Procurement 4.0: factors influencing the digitisation of procurement and supply chains. Business Process Management Journal, 24(4), 965–984.

  7. 7.

    Tappia, E. & Moretti, E. (2019). La Ricerca dell’Osservatorio Contract Logistics “Gino Marchet”. Euromerci, no 4–5, 34–37.

  8. 8.

    This classification is related but not the same as the model of the eight Cs in Chap. 2.

  9. 9.

    https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/definitions/what-is-cyber-security. Accessed 31 May 2019.

  10. 10.

    Windelberg, M. (2016). Objectives for managing cyber supply chain risk. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 12, 4–11.

  11. 11.

    Schleich, B., Anwer, N., Mathieu, L., & Wartzack, S. (2017). Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering. CIRP Annals, 66(1), 141–144.

  12. 12.

    Boschert S, Rosen R (2016) Digital Twin –The Simulation Aspect. In Hehenberger, P. & Bradley D (eds.): Mechatronic Futures: Challenges and Solutions for Mechatronic Systems and their Designers, Springer International Publishing, 2016, 59–74.

  13. 13.

    Rosen. R, von Wichert, G, Lo, G., & Bettenhausen, K. D. (2015). About the Importance of Autonomy and Digital Twins for the Future of Manufacturing, IFAC-Papers OnLine, 48(3), 567–572.

  14. 14.

    Mobley, R. K. (2002). An introduction to predictive maintenance. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

  15. 15.

    Nicoletti, B., (2012), Lean and Digitize: An Integrated Approach to Process Improvement. Gower Publishing, Farnham, UK. ISBN-10: 1409441946.

  16. 16.

    Nicoletti, B., (2013), Cloud Computing and Financial Services, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK (also translated in Chinese).

  17. 17.

    Nicoletti, B., (2012), Lean and Digitize: An Integrated Approach to Process Improvement. Gower Publishing, Farnham, UK. ISBN-10: 1409441946.

  18. 18.

    Timmers, P. (1998), Business Models for Electronic Markets, CommerceNet Research Report, 9 September.

  19. 19.

    Timmers, P. (1998), Business Models for Electronic Markets, CommerceNet Research Report, 9 September.

  20. 20.

    Oppong, S. A., Yen, D. C., & Merhout, J. W. (2005). A new strategy for harnessing knowledge management in e-commerce. Technology in society, 27(3), 413–435.

  21. 21.

    Castellanos, M., De Medeiros, A. A., Mendling, J., Weber, B., & Weijters, A. J. M. M. (2009). Business process intelligence. In Handbook of research on business process modeling. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 456–480,

  22. 22.

    Tavares, L.V. (2011), A strategy to reduce public expenditure based on e-tendering and procurement Business Intelligence: The case of Portugal, Eva paper. 3 May.

  23. 23.

    Meyer, T, (2011): E-Procurement, Deutsche Bank Research Paper, http://wwwdbresearchde/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000269867PDF, Accessed 8 February 2019.

  24. 24.

    Scuola di Management del Politecnico di Milano (2012), Osservatorio Agenda Digitale, Smau, Milan, Italy

  25. 25.

    Phillips, P., & Piotrowicz, W. (2006), e-Procurement: How does it enhance Strategic Performance?, Working Paper No. 113, Kent Business School, April.

  26. 26.

    Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2017). Understanding the Internet of Things: definition, potentials, and societal role of a fast evolving paradigm. Ad Hoc Networks, 56, 122–140.

  27. 27.

    https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2017-02-07-gartner-says-8-billion-connected-things-will-be-in-use-in-2017-up- 31-percent-from-2016. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  28. 28.

    https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/03/16/developing-the-connected-world-of-2018-and-beyond/. Accessed April 25, 2019.

  29. 29.

    Salman, O., Elhajj, I., Kayssi, A., & Chehab, A. (2015, December). Edge computing enabling the Internet of Things. In 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 603–608. IEEE.

  30. 30.

    The name comes from the acronym SIM card, or subscriber identity module. This is a smart card inserted into a mobile phone or tablet and allows the device to securely store the IMSI, a unique number associated with all users of mobile GMS or UMTS networks. It thus becomes the subscriber’s identity.

  31. 31.

    Ma, T., & Zhang, C. (2011, December). On the disruptive potentials in internet of things. In 2011 IEEE 17th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems: 857–859.

  32. 32.

    Kraijak, S., & Tuwanut, P. (2015, October). A survey on internet of things architecture, protocols, possible applications, security, privacy, real-world implementation and future trends. 2015 IEEE 16th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE. 26–31.

  33. 33.

    Kang, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, S., Kim, H., Park, J. H., Son, J. Y., & Do Noh, S. (2016). Smart manufacturing: Past research, present findings, and future directions. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 3(1), 111–128.

  34. 34.

    https://www.internet4things.it/iot-library/internet-of-things-gli-ambiti-applicativi-in-italia/. Accessed April 25, 2019.

  35. 35.

    Ferreira, P., Martinho, R., & Domingos, D. (2010). IoT-aware business processes for logistics: limitations of current approaches. In Inforum, 3(2010): 612–613).

  36. 36.

    Nel, C. B. H., & Jooste, J. L. (2016). A technologically-driven asset management approach to managing physical assets-a literature review and research agenda for ‘smart’ asset management. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 27(4), 50–65.

  37. 37.

    Wang, S., Wan, J., Li, D., & Zhang, C. (2016). Implementing smart factory of industrie 4.0: an outlook. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 12(1), 3,159,805.

  38. 38.

    Yan, MR, Chien, KM, & Yang, TN (2016). Green component procurement collaboration for improving supply chain management in the high technology industries: A case study from the systems perspective. Sustainability, 8 (2), 105.

  39. 39.

    Adetiloye, TO (2012). Collaboration stakeholders for sustainable planning of city logistics operations. Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada.

  40. 40.

    Radivojević, G., & Milosavljević, L. (2019). The Concept of Logistics 4.0. 4thLogistics International Conference, 23–25 May. Belgrade, Serbia.

  41. 41.

    Radivojević, G., Bjelié, N., & Popovié, D. (2017). Internet of Thing in Logistics, Proceedings of the 3rd Logistics International Conference - LOGIC 2017, 185–190, Belgrade, Serbia.

  42. 42.

    Kiickelhaus, M., Chung, G. (2018). Logistics Trend Radar, DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Germany. www.dhl.com, Accessed 14 July 2019.

  43. 43.

    Keith, B., Vitasek, K., Manrodt, K. & Kling, J. (2016), Strategic Sourcing in the New Economy: Harnessing the Potential of Sourcing Business Models for Modern Procurement, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.

  44. 44.

    Harshak, A., Schmaus, B. & Dimitrova, D. (2013), Building a digital culture: how to meet the challenge of multichannel digitization”, www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand_Building-a-Digital-Culture.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2019.

  45. 45.

    Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, HN, Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14 (4), 352–375.

  46. 46.

    Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O., & Schiereck, D. (2017). Blockchain. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(3), 183–187.

  47. 47.

    Wolf, R. A. (2016). Virtual Currencies, M-Payments and VAT: Ready for the Future?. In Bitcoin and Mobile Payments, 231–249. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK.

  48. 48.

    Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 118–127.

  49. 49.

    Akaba, T. I. (2019). A Framework or the Adoption of a Blockchain-Based E-Procurement System: A Case Study of Nigeria. Thesis for: Msc. E-Governance Technologies and Services. Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.

  50. 50.

    http://www.safeshareinsurance.com/. Accessed March 29, 2019.

  51. 51.

    https://www.bankingtech.com/tag/digital-trade-chain/. Accessed July 20, 2019.

  52. 52.

    Lipton, A., Hardjono, T., & Pentland, A. (2018). Digital trade coin: Towards a more stable digital currency. Royal Society Science Open, 5 (7), 180, 155.

  53. 53.

    https://distributionmarketingblog.accenture.com/kbc-uses-blockchain-to-transform-international-trades. Accessed July 20, 2019.

  54. 54.

    https://tradle.io/ Accessed March 28, 2019.

  55. 55.

    Grisoni, A. (2016), If insurers look to blockchain, Bank Organization Also, Mar: 66:67.

  56. 56.

    https://www.trust-in-motion.com/, Accessed September 11, 2018.

  57. 57.

    https://www.pymnts.com/news/b2b-payments/2016/blockchain-supply-chain-network-makes-its-debut/. Accessed July 20, 2019.

  58. 58.

    https://www.carrefour.it/Organizzazione/UfficioStampa/blockchain. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  59. 59.

    https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/28/ibm-maersk-blockchain-shipping-consortium-expands-to-include-other-major-shipping-companies/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer_us=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLml0Lw&guce_referrer_cs=6qvJbu5ZEydjveq8TWkvhg. Accessed May 20, 2019.

  60. 60.

    Deloitte (2016), Blockchain: democratized confidence in Tech Trends 2016: Innovating in the digital age.

  61. 61.

    Chesebro, R. (2015). A contract Which managed itself. Working Paper. Univ Ft Belvoir, VA.

  62. 62.

    Morabito, V. (2017). Business Innovation Through Blockchain: The B3 Perspective. Springer. Cham, Switzerland: 101-124.

  63. 63.

    https://www.kinno.fi/en/smartlog, Accessed September 15, 2018.

  64. 64.

    http://www.cognitivplus.com/company/. Accessed June 20, 2019.

  65. 65.

    Ryu, C. S. (2016). Review of vendor managed inventory: Investigation on how it improves supply chain performance, Journal of Distribution Science, 14(9), 47–64.

  66. 66.

    Dasaklis, T., & Casino, F. (2019). Improving Vendor-managed Inventory Strategy Based on Internet of Things (IoT) Applications and Blockchain Technology. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), 50–55. IEEE.

  67. 67.

    http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/3814597. Accessed March 30, 2019.

  68. 68.

    https://www.bearingpoint.com/files/0553_WP_EN_Vertragsmgt_final_web.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2019.

  69. 69.

    Plattform Industries 4.0: Aspects of the Research Roadmap for Application Scenarios, https://www.plattform-i40.de/I40/Redaktion/EN/Downloads/Publikation/aspects-of-theresearch-roadmap.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  70. 70.

    Dawes, J., Bowerman, R., & Trepleton, R. (2015). Introduction to the additive manufacturing powder metallurgy supply chain. Johnson Matthey Technology Review, 59(3), 243–256.

  71. 71.

    Gao, W., Zhang, Y., Ramanujan, D., Ramani, K., Chen, Y., Williams, C. B., & Zavattieri, P. D. (2015). The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering. Computer-Aided Design, 69, 65–89.

  72. 72.

    www.marketsandmarkets.com. Accessed June 20, 2019.

  73. 73.

    https://timreview.ca/sites/default/files/Issue_PDF/TIMReview_November2015.pdf#page=20. Accessed June 20, 2019.

  74. 74.

    Janssen, G. R., Blankers, I. J., Moolenburgh, E. A., & Posthumus, A. L. (2014). The Impact of 3-D Printing on Supply Chain Management. The Hague, Netherlands.

  75. 75.

    Janssen, R., Blankers, I., Moolenburgh, E., & Posthumus, B. (2014). TNO: The impact of 3-D printing on supply chain management. The Hague, Netherlands: TNO.

  76. 76.

    Manners-Bell, J., & Lyon, K. (2012). The implications of 3D printing for the global logistics industry. Transport Intelligence, 1–5.

  77. 77.

    Nyman, H. J., & Sarlin, P. (2014). From bits to atoms: 3D printing in the context of supply chain strategies. In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 4190–4199.

  78. 78.

    Gao, W., Zhang, Y., Ramanujan, D., Ramani, K., Chen, Y., Williams, C. B., Wang, C. C. L., Shin, Y. C., Zhang, S., & Zavattieri, P. D. (2015). The Status, Challenges, and Future of Additive Manufacturing in Engineering. Computer-Aided Design, 69: 65–89.

  79. 79.

    Manners-Bell, J., & Lyon, K. (2012). The Implications of 3D Printing for the Global Logistics Industry. Transport Intelligence. Bath, UK.

  80. 80.

    Nyman, H. J., & Sarlin, P. (2014). From Bits to Atoms: 3D Printing in the Context of Supply Chain Strategies. In 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, January 6–9, 4190–4199.

  81. 81.

    https://timreview.ca/sites/default/files/Issue_PDF/TIMReview_November2015.pdf#page=20. Accessed June 20, 2019.

  82. 82.

    Horenberg, D. (2017). Applications Within Logistics 4.0: A research conducted on the visions of 3PL service providers, Bachelor’s thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.

  83. 83.

    Chung, G., Niezgoda, D., & Beissmann, R. (2016). 3D Printing and the Future of Supply Chains. DHL Trend Research: 1–17.

    Mohr, S., and O. Khan. (2015). 3D Printing and Supply Chains of the Future. HICL, 147.

  84. 84.

    Chung, G., Niezgoda, D., & Beissmann, R. (2016). 3D Printing and the Future of Supply Chains. DHL Trend Research: 1–17.

  85. 85.

    Chung, G., Niezgoda, D., & Beissmann, R. (2016). 3D Printing and the Future of Supply Chains. DHL Trend Research: 1–17.

  86. 86.

    Horenberg, D. (2017) Applications Within Logistics 4.0: A research conducted on the visions of 3PL service providers, Bachelor’s thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.

  87. 87.

    https://www.panalpina.com/www/global/en/home.html. Accessed August 5, 2019.

  88. 88.

    Todd, S. (2017). Panalpina Sees Future of LMS as Contract Logistics – Lloyd’s Loading List. http://www.lloydsloadinglist.com/freightdirectory/adviceandinsight/Panalpina-sees-LMS-asfuture-of-contractlogistics/69375.htm?mc_cid=a8d195357c&mc_eid=ce7b0e5092. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  89. 89.

    Panalpina World Transport. (2017). 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing). Panalpinaon 6 Continents. http://www.panalpina.com/www/global/en/home/pr oducts_solutions / logistics / 3d_printing.html. Panalpina World Transport (2017). 3D Printing. “http://www.panalpina.com/content/www/global/en/home/products_solutions/logistics/3d_printing/_jcr_content/contentParSys/download/downloadList/flyer.spooler.download/3D%20printing%20onepager.pdf. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  90. 90.

    The Business Debate. (2017). Panalpina – Supply Chain of the Future. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E71M9lga3Vg. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  91. 91.

    Cinar, D., Gakis, K., & Pardalos, P. M. (Eds.). (2018). Sustainable Logistics and Transportation: Optimization Models and Algorithms, 129. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

  92. 92.

    DVV Media Group GmbH. (2017). “Panalpina Launches Research into 3D Printing and the Supply Chain.” Air Cargo News. http://www.aircargonews.net/events/air-cargo-newsevents/cay-2014/news/panalpina-launches-researchinto-3d-printing-and-the-supply-chain.html. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  93. 93.

    http://www.trasportoeuropa.it/index.php?searchword=panalpina&ordering=&searchphrase=all&Itemid=71&option=com_search. Accessed March 16, 2019.

  94. 94.

    Radivojević, G., & Milosavljević, L. (2019). The Concept of Logistics 4.0. 4th Logistics International Conference, May 23–25. Belgrade, Serbia

  95. 95.

    Kiickelhaus, M., & Chung, G. (2018). Logistics Trend Radar, DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Germany. www.dhl.com, Accessed July 14, 2019.

  96. 96.

    Radivojević, G., & Milosavljević, L. (2019). The Concept of Logistics 4.0. 4th Logistics International Conference, May 23–25. Belgrade, Serbia

  97. 97.

    Bamburry, D. (2015). Drones: Designed for product delivery. Design Management Review, 26(1), 40–48.

  98. 98.

    Kiickelhaus, M., Chung, G. (2018). Logistics Trend Radar, DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Germany. www.dhl.com, Accessed July 14, 2019.

  99. 99.

    Nicoletti, B., (2013), Lean Procurement, FrancoAngeli, Milan, Italy.

  100. 100.

    Nicoletti, B., (2012), Lean and Digitize: An Integrated Approach to Process Improvement. Gower Publishing, London, UK.

  101. 101.

    Zheng, N. N., Liu, Z. Y., Ren, P. J., Ma, Y. Q., Chen, S. T., Yu, S. Y., & Wang, F. Y. (2017). Hybrid-augmented intelligence: collaboration and cognition. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 18(2), 153–179.

  102. 102.

    Fekete, N. (2016). What Artificial Intelligence Can Do for You?. Procurement Leaders, June 20.

  103. 103.

    Schoenherr, T. (2018). System Capability and Technology. CPSM Study Guide, 3rd.

  104. 104.

    Vermesan, O., & Bacquet, J. (Eds.). (2017). Cognitive Hyperconnected Digital Transformation: Internet of Things Intelligence Evolution. River Publishers, Gistrup, Denmark.

  105. 105.

    Madakam, S., Holmukhe, R. M., & Jaiswal, D. K. (2019). The Future Digital Work Force: Robotic Process Automation (RPA). JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 16.

  106. 106.

    Khuan, L. S., & Swee, M. F. S. H. (2018). Technologies for Procurement: Current Trends and Emerging Trends. Emerging Technologies f or Supply Chain Management, 45.

  107. 107.

    Schoenherr, T. (2019). Outlook to an Exciting Future. In the Evolution of Electronic Procurement, 117–125. Palgrave Pivot, Cham, Switzerland.

  108. 108.

    Tankard, C. (2016). What the GDPR means for businesses. Network Security, 2016(6), 5–8. Calder, A. (2018). EU GDPR: a pocket guide. IT Governance Publishing Ltd., Ely, UK.

  109. 109.

    Busa-Fekete, R., & Kégl, B. (2009, June). Accelerating AdaBoost using UCB. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on KDD-Cup 2009-Volume 7, 111–122. JMLR.org.

  110. 110.

    Casella, G., & Berger, R. L. (2002). Statistical inference (Vol. 2). Duxbury, Pacific Grove, CA.

  111. 111.

    Var, I. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Vectors, 8(2), 125–136.

  112. 112.

    https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/ufficio-acquisti-digitale-cose-quali-benefici-del-procurement-4-0/. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  113. 113.

    Angeles, R., & Nath, R. (2007). Business-to-business e-procurement: success factors and challenges to implementation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 12(2), 104–115.

  114. 114.

    McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T. H., Patil, D. J., & Barton, D. (2012). Big data: the management revolution. Harvard business review, 90(10), 60–68.

  115. 115.

    Capgemini. (2018). Digital Procurement Research 2018: Uncovering the solutions that bring you forward. https://www.capgemini.com/nl-nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/10/CapgeminiDigital-Procurement-Research-2018_web-version1.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  116. 116.

    Berson, A., & Dubov, L. (2007). Master data management and customer data integration for a global enterprise: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  117. 117.

    Capgemini. (2018). Digital Procurement Research 2018: Uncovering the solutions that bring you forward. https://www.capgemini.com/nl-nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/10/CapgeminiDigital-Procurement-Research-2018_web-version1.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  118. 118.

    Trkman, P., & McCormack, K. (2010). Estimating the benefits and risks of implementing e-procurement. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 57(2), 338–349

  119. 119.

    Angeles, R., & Nath, R. (2007). Business-to-business e-procurement: success factors and challenges to implementation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 12(2), 104–115.

  120. 120.

    Capgemini. (2018). Digital Procurement Research 2018: Uncovering the solutions that bring you forward. https://www.capgemini.com/nl-nl/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/10/CapgeminiDigital-Procurement-Research-2018_web-version1.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  121. 121.

    Lamoureux, M. G. (2018). The Strategic Sourcing Lifecycle: A Brief Introduction. https://www.coupa.com/products/strategicsourcing/sourcing-optimization/. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  122. 122.

    Coupa. (2019). Coupa Spend Analysis. https://www.coupa.com/products/spend-analysis/. Accessed July 24, 2019.

    Ivalua. (2019). Strategy & Analytics. https://www.ivalua.com/solutions/process/strategic-sourcing/strategy-analytics/. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  123. 123.

    SAP Ariba. (2018). SAP Ariba Spend Analysis- Data Sheet. https://www.ariba.com/-/media/aribacom/assets/pdf-assets/sap-ariba-spend analysis-datasheet.pdf?la=en-us&hash=143116B9886776FA3E62B02E251963B 1D92D295F. Accessed July 24, 2019.

    Smart by GEP. (2019). Spend Management Software https://www.smartbygep.com/procurement-software/spend-management. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  124. 124.

    Zycus. (2019). Category Management. https://www.zycus.com/blog/glossary/category-management/. Accessed July 24, 2019.

  125. 125.

    https://www.logisticaefficiente.it/procout/supplychain/approvvigionamenti/maturita-procurement-italia-europa-risultati-parte-1.html. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  126. 126.

    Burgess, A. (2017). The Executive Guide to Artificial Intelligence: How to identify and implement applications for AI in your organization. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

  127. 127.

    Skilton, M., & Hovsepian, F. (2017). The 4th Industrial Revolution: Responding to the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

  128. 128.

    West, J. R. A. D. M., & Allen, J. (2018). How artificial intelligence is transforming the world. https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-artificial-intelligence-is-transforming-the-world/. Accessed June 2, 2019.

  129. 129.

    Pham, D. T., & Afify, A. A. (2005). Machine-learning techniques and their applications in manufacturing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 219(5), 395–412.

  130. 130.

    www.marketsandmarkets.com. Accessed June 10, 2019.

  131. 131.

    https://www.mecspe.com/en/comunicati-stampa-en/osservatorio-mecspe-focus-nazionale/. Accessed August 5, 2019.

  132. 132.

    Burgess, A. (2017). The Executive Guide to Artificial Intelligence: How to identify and implement applications for AI in your organization. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

  133. 133.

    Anagnoste, S. (2017, July). Robotic Automation Process-The next major revolution in terms of back office operations improvement. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence. 11(1), 676–686. De Gruyter Open, Berlin, Germany

  134. 134.

    Perona, M. (2019). Procurement 4.0, the check list for Purchasing Digital, https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/ufficio-acquisti-digitale-cose-quali-benefici-del-procurement-4-0/. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  135. 135.

    Mohri, M., Rostamizadeh, A., & Talwalkar, A. (2018). Foundations of machine learning. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

  136. 136.

    Perona, M. (2019). Procurement 4.0, the check list for Purchasing Digital, https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/ufficio-acquisti-digitale-cose-quali-benefici-del-procurement-4-0/. Accessed March 9, 2019. The name is fictitious due to a non-disclosure request.

  137. 137.

    Nicoletti, B., (2013), Cloud Computing and Financial Services, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK (also translated in Chinese).

  138. 138.

    Eurostat (2018), the EU Statistical Office, December.

  139. 139.

    Nicoletti, B., (2013), Cloud Computing and Financial Services, Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK (also translated in Chinese).

  140. 140.

    Tewari, N., Sharma, M.K. (2011), Towards e-Governance Framework in India using Cloud Computing Research Note #98–21, Proceedings of the 5th National Conference, INDIACom-2011, Computing for Nation Development, New Delhi, India, March 10–11.

  141. 141.

    Galih, S. (2011), Cloud Computing Approach for IT Cost Reducing in Indonesia Government’s e-

    Procurement System: Case Study Jawa Barat e-Procurement System Unit (LPSE Jabar Indonesia), ICID 2011 Conference, 26 November, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

  142. 142.

    Grilo, A., Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2010), Changing e-procurement in the AEC sector with BIM, Proceedings of the CIB W78 2010: 27th International Conference – Cairo, Egypt, November 16–18.

    Grilo, A., Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2010), Electronic public procurement of construction and public works: towards a new reality, Journal of Public Procurement, 10(3).

  143. 143.

    Kroes, N. (2012, January). Setting up the European cloud partnership. In Speech at the World Economic Forum, Davos.

  144. 144.

    Boss, G., Malladi, P., Quan, D., Legregni, L., & Hall, H. (2007). Cloud computing. IBM white paper, 321, 224–231.

    Mladenovié, T. (2018). Cloud Computing in logistics, Master Thesis, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade.

  145. 145.

    Galih, S. (2011), Cloud Computing Approach for IT Cost Reducing in Indonesia Government’s e-Procurement System: Case Study Jawa Barat e-Procurement System Unit (LPSE Jabar Indonesia) ICID 2011 Conference, 26 November, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

  146. 146.

    Kim, J., & Shunk, D. (2004), Matching indirect procurement process with different B2B e-procurement systems, Computers in Industry, 53

  147. 147.

    https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2019/03/volkswagen-and-amazon-web-services-to-develop-industrial-cloud.html. Accessed May 5, 2019.

  148. 148.

    Vermesan, O., & Bacquet, J. (Eds.). (2017). Cognitive Hyperconnected Digital Transformation: Internet of Things Intelligence Evolution. River Publishers, Gistrup, Denmark.

  149. 149.

    Zhang, Y., Ren, J., Liu, J., Xu, C., Guo, H., & Liu, Y. (2017). A survey on emerging computing paradigms for big data. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 26(1), 1–12.

  150. 150.

    Zhang, H., & Xu, J. (2018, April). Research on design strategy of marketing experience in shared economy. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied Invention System (ICASI). IEEE: 888–891.

  151. 151.

    Pierer, M. (2016). Mobile device management: Mobility evaluation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

  152. 152.

    Azuma, R. T., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S. K., Julier, S. Andmacintyre, B. (2001). Recent Advances in Augmented Reality. Computergraphics and Applications 21, 6, 34–47.

  153. 153.

    Cirulis, A., & Ginters, E. (2013). Augmented reality in logistics. Procedia Computer Science, 26, 14–20.

  154. 154.

    Radivojević, G., & Milosavljević, L. (2019). The Concept of Logistics 4.0. 4th Logistics International Conference, May 23–25. Belgrade, Serbia.

  155. 155.

    Kiickelhaus, M., Chung, G. (2018). Logistics Trend Radar, DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Germany. www.dhl.com. Accessed July 14, 2019.

  156. 156.

    Lezzi, M., Lazoi, M., & Corallo, A. (2018). Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 in the current literature: A reference framework. Computers in Industry, 103, 97–110.

    Rübmann, M., Lorenz, M., Gerbert, P., Waldner, M., Justus, J., Engel, P., & Harnisch, M. (2015). Industry 4.0: the future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industry. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Raporu.

  157. 157.

    Rodrigues, M., Sousa, B., & da Costa, J. B. (2019). The Improvement of the Supply Chain Channel Based on Digital Transformation: An Exploratory Study in the Sustainable Industry 4.0 4th Regional Helix- Book of Abstracts Parallel Session 4, Porto, Portugal.

  158. 158.

    Stephens, J. and Valverde, R. (2013), Security of e-procurement transactions in supply chain reengineering, Computer and Information Science, 6(3), 1–20.

  159. 159.

    Barron, S., Cho, Y.M., Hua, A., Norcross, W., Voigt, J. & Haimes, Y. (2016), Systems-based cyber security in the supply chain, IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS), June 10, 20–25.

  160. 160.

    Johnson, T.A. (2013), Cybersecurity: Protecting Critical Infrastructures from Cyber Attack and Cyber Warfare, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

  161. 161.

    Kozlov, D., Veijalainen, J., & Ali, Y. (2012, February). Security and privacy threats in IoT architectures. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Body Area Networks, 256–262. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering).

  162. 162.

    Carey, P. (2018). Data protection: a practical guide to UK and EU law. Oxford University Press, Inc., Oxford, UK.

  163. 163.

    https://www.proofpoint.com/us/proofpoint-uncovers-internet-things-iot-cyberattack. Accessed March 30, 2019.

  164. 164.

    Atzei, N., Bartoletti, M., & Cimoli, T. (2017, April). A survey of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts (sok). In International Conference on Principles of Security and Trust, 164–186. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.

  165. 165.

    Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 118–127.

  166. 166.

    Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 118–127.

  167. 167.

    https://www.corrierecomunicazioni.it/industria-4-0/rallenta-la-corsa-di-industria-4-0-nel-2019-crescita-in-calo-del-10-15/. Accessed June 22, 2019.

  168. 168.

    Bucy, M., Hall, S. & Yakola, D. (2016), “Transformation with a capital T”, available at: www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-recovery-and-transformation-services/our-insights/transformation-with-a-capital-t. Accessed January 4, 2017; Zhong, R. Y., Neman, S. T., Huag, G. Q. & Lan, S. (2016), Big Data for supply chain management in the service and manufacturing sectors: challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 101(2016), 572–591.

  169. 169.

    https://www2.deloitte.com/bn/en/pages/operations/articles/cpo-survey-2017.html. Accessed April 28, 2019.

  170. 170.

    https://www.corrierecomunicazioni.it/industria-4-0/rallenta-la-corsa-di-industria-4-0-nel-2019-crescita-in-calo-del-10-15/. Accessed June 22, 2019.

  171. 171.

    Nicoletti, B., (2012), Lean and Digitize: An Integrated Approach to Process Improvement. Gower Publishing, Farnham, UK. ISBN-10: 1409441946.

  172. 172.

    https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/strategie/procurement-4-0-la-check-list-lufficio-acquisti-digitale/. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  173. 173.

    Perona, M. (2019). Procurement 4.0, the check list for Purchasing Digital, https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/ufficio-acquisti-digitale-cose-quali-benefici-del-procurement-4-0/. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  174. 174.

    https://www.digital4.biz/procurement/strategie/procurement-4-0-la-check-list-lufficio-acquisti-digitale/. Accessed March 9, 2019.

  175. 175.

    https://www.logisticaefficiente.it/procout/supplychain/approvvigionamenti/maturita-procurement-italia-europa-risultati-parte-1.html. Accessed March 10, 2019.

  176. 176.

    Marvel, J., & Bostelman, R. (2013, October). Towards mobile manipulator safety standards. In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE), 31–36. IEEE.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bernardo Nicoletti .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nicoletti, B. (2020). Platforms for Procurement 4.0. In: Procurement 4.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35979-9_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics