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Pretreatment Strategies: Unlocking of Lignocellulosic Substrate

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Water Hyacinth: A Potential Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol

Abstract

Conversion of lignocelluloses to bioethanol takes place in three main stages, namely pretreatment to remove lignin and expose the crystalline structure of cellulose; enzymatic hydrolysis to convert cellulose and hemicellulose to simple sugars and microbial fermentation of sugars to ethanol. The most important of these steps is the pretreatment step employed to eliminate lignin and reduce the crystallinity of cellulose to make it accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis for its conversion to glucose. The pretreatment step controls the efficiency of subsequent steps and also accounts for the maximum part of the production cost of biofuel from lignocellulosics. A large number of pretreatment methods including physical methods, chemical treatment, physico-chemical processes, thermo-chemical pretreatment and biological pretreatment are available. Among the various pretreatment methods, biological pretreatment is a promising approach because of low operational cost, does not produce waste and other compounds (phenolics) toxic to the fermenting micro-organisms and is less energy-intensive and environment-friendly. This chapter discusses some of the important pretreatment methods for the disruption of complex lignocellulosic structure and production of fermentable sugars.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

    Anuja Sharma & Neeraj K. Aggarwal

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  1. Anuja Sharma
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  2. Neeraj K. Aggarwal
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Correspondence to Anuja Sharma .

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Sharma, A., Aggarwal, N.K. (2020). Pretreatment Strategies: Unlocking of Lignocellulosic Substrate. In: Water Hyacinth: A Potential Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35632-3_4

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