Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Child and Family Studies ((SSCFS))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on substance use as a significant health problem, with anxiety as a comorbid problem that can result either after or before the substance use problem. There is an emphasis on description of risk factors for substance use. Family and peer substance use are environmental risk factors. However, family cohesion and positive social as well as school involvement are protective factors. Adolescents with social anxiety may be at risk for substance use problems. They may use substances to reduce feelings of anxiety. Alternately, they may fall into a high-risk peer group because they lack friends and are unpopular at school. Addressing substance use problems may need to occur before anxiety can be treated. This may need to occur on an inpatient basis, with intensive outpatient services (e.g., individual, group, psychiatric referral, and other recovery services) after the youth has been released from inpatient services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arbel, R., Perrone, L., & Margolin, G. (2018). Adolescents’ daily worries and risky behaviors: Buffering role of support seeking. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(6), 900–911. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1169536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilsky, S. A., Feldner, M. T., Knapp, A. A., Rojas, S. M., & Leen-Feldner, E. W. (2016). The roles of sex, anxious reactivity to bodily arousal, and anxiety sensitivity in coping motives for cigarette smoking among adolescents. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000071

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, L., Newton, N. C., Teesson, M., Tonks, Z., & Slade, T. (2015). Anxiety disorders and first alcohol use in the general population. Findings from a nationally representative sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bountress, K., & Chassin, L. (2015). Risk for behavior problems in children of parents with substance abuse problems. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000063

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, S., Conner, E., Miller, M., & Messina, N. (2015). Improving the outcomes of children affected by parental substance abuse: A review of randomized controlled trials. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 6, 15–24. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S46439

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Macy, J. T., & Sherman, S. J. (2018). Cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: Findings from the Indiana University Smoking Survey. In H. E. Fitzgerald & L. I. Puttler (Eds.), Alcohol use disorders: A developmental science approach to etiology (pp. 237–249). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2018). A developmental psychopathology perspective on substance use: Illustrations from the research on child maltreatment. In E. Fitzgerald & L. I. Puttler (Eds.), Alcohol use disorders: A developmental science approach to etiology (pp. 17–29). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, M. J., Feinberg, M. E., Bontempo, D. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2008). The role of risk and protective factors in substance use across adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j/jadolhealth.2008.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., … van der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390–398. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20050501-05

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deas, D. (2006). Adolescent substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidities. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 18–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degenhardt, L., Stockings, E., Patton, G., Hall, W. D., & Lynskey, M. (2016). Substance use in young people 1: The increasing global health priority of substance use in young people. Lancet Psychiatry, 3, 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00508-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erskine, H. E., Moffitt, T. E., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., Ferrari, A. J., Patton, G., … Scott, J. G. (2015). A heavy burden on young minds: The global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth. Psychological Medicine, 45(7), 1551–1563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002888

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fluharty, M., Taylor, A. E., Grabski, M., & Munafò, M. R. (2017). The association of cigarette smoking with depression and anxiety: A systematic review. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 19(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillen, C. T. A., Barry, C. T., & Bater, L. R. (2016). Anxiety symptoms and coping motives: Examining a potential path to substance use-related problems in adolescents with psychopathic traits. Substance Use and Misuse, 51(14), 1920–1929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1201510

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gobbi, G., Atkin, T., Zytynski, T., Wang, S., Askari, S., Boruff, J., … Mayo, N. (2019). Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(4), 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, R. D., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2004). Association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders among young persons: Results of a 21-year longitudinal study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38, 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychires.2003.09.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasin, D. S., Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., … Grant, B. F. (2015). Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(12), 1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W., Rowland, M. D., Randall, J., Ward, D. M., Pickrel, S. G., Cunningham, P. B., … Santos, A. B. (1999). Home-based multisystemic therapy as an alternative to hospitalization of youths in psychiatric crisis: Clinical outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(11), 1331–1339. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199911000-00006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. B. (2009). Multisystemic therapy for antisocial behavior in children and adolescents (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. M., Epstein, M., Hill, K. G., Bailey, J. A., & Hawkins, J. D. (2019). General and specific predictors of comorbid substance use and internalizing problems from adolescence to age 33. Prevention Science, 20(5), 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0959-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. M., Hill, K. G., Epstein, M., Lee, J. O., Hawkins, D., & Catalans, R. F. (2016). Understanding the interplay of individual and social-developmental factors in the progression of substance use and mental health from childhood to adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 28(3), 721–741. https://doi.org/10.1017/S09545794160000274

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Acierno, R., Saunders, B., Resnick, H. S., Best, C. L., & Schnurr, P. P. (2000). Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence data from a national sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 19–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemyre, A., Gauthier-Légaré, A., & Bélanger, R. E. (2019). Shyness, social anxiety, social anxiety disorder, and substance use among normative adolescent populations: A systematic review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 45(3), 230–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1536882

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, A. M., Strong, D. R., Sussman, S., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Unger, J. B., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2016). Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent electronic and conventional cigarette use. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 73, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015). Anxiety, depression, and cigarette smoking: A transdiagnostic vulnerability framework to understanding emotion–smoking comorbidity. Psychological Bulletin, 141(1), 176–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/bu10000003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh, R. K., & Kneeland, E. T. (2019). Affective vulnerability in substance use disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onrust, S. A., Otten, R., Lammers, J., & Smit, F. (2016). School-based programmers to reduce and prevent substance use in different age groups: What works for whom? Systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 44, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pagliaro, L. A., & Pagliaro, A. M. (2012). Handbook of child and adolescent drug and substance abuse: Pharmacological, developmental, and clinical considerations. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons. ISBN: 978-0-0470-63906-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagliaro, L. A., & Pagliaro, A. M. (2020). Child and adolescent drug and substance abuse: A comprehensive reference guide. First Ed. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN: 978-1-138-54215-0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peraza, N., Smit, T., Garey, L., Manning, K., Buckner, J. D., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2019). Distress tolerance and cessation-related cannabis processes: The role of cannabis use coping motives. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.047

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, S. J., Chassin, L., Presson, C., Seo, D.-C., & Macy, J. T. (2009). The intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking: Predicting adolescent smoking initiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 313–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.012

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, J. P. (2015). Emotional regulation in adolescent substance use disorders: Rethinking risk. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24(2), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2012.761169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P. K. (2017). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swan, A. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2016). Fear and missing out: Youth anxiety and functional outcomes. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23, 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya, H. P., Deas, D., Brady, K. T., & Kruesi, M. (2002). Cigarette smoking and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(11), 1294–1305. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200211000-00010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viana, A. G., & Stevens, E. N. (2016). Parental threatening behaviors and offspring substance use: The moderating role of anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse., 25(3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2014.926848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow, N. D., Baker, R. D., Compton, W. M., & Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use. New England Journal of Medicine, 370, 2219–2227. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1402309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vujanovic, A. A., Farris, S. G., Bartlett, B. A., Lyons, R. C., Haller, M., Colvonen, P. J., & Norman, S. B. (2018). Anxiety sensitivity in the association between posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 62, 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vujanovic, A. A., Smith, L. J., Green, C. E., Lane, S. D., & Schmitz, J. M. (2018). Development of a novel, integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for co-occurring posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 65, 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.201712.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J. W., & Hadland, S. E. (Eds.). (2019). Treating adolescent substance use: A clinician’s guide. Basel: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01893-1

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Guillot, C. R., Pang, R. D., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Zvolensky, M. J., Buckner, J. D., & Leventhal, A. M. (2015). Examination of anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance as transdiagnostic mechanisms linking multiple anxiety pathologies to alcohol use problems in adolescents. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(3), 532–539. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12638

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, P., Goodwin, R. D., Fuller, C., Liu, X., Comer, J. S., Cohen, P., & Hoven, C. W. (2010). The relationship between anxiety disorders and substance use among adolescents in the community: Specificity and gender differences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9385-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nabors, L. (2020). Substance Abuse and Anxiety in Children. In: Anxiety Management in Children with Mental and Physical Health Problems. Springer Series on Child and Family Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35606-4_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics