Abstract
Because the cultural nature of emerging adulthood (EA) is often neglected, there is a lack of understanding of the sociocultural variations – the many emerging adulthoods – that exist. In this chapter, the authors draw upon Vélez-Agosto et al. (Perspect Psychol Sci 12:900–910, 2017) theory to argue the necessity of viewing emerging adulthood(s) from a micro-cultural lens. Using such a lens posits that parent-emerging adult child relationships and parenting practices during EA are cultural in nature. After providing support for their argument, the authors then present two initial applications of how to empirically apply a micro-cultural lens to parent-EA child relationships. The first application is a study that uses structural equation modeling to understand the relation between filial responsibility and well-being and how this relation varies across US ethnic-racial groups, in EA college students. The second application examines emerging adulthood(s) in urban, middle-class India by using concept mapping to understand the range of important life choices EAs in India make and the role their parents play in making such choices. The chapter then concludes with suggestions for researchers on how to implement a micro-cultural approach in their work.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allendorf, K., & Pandian, R. K. (2016). The decline of arranged marriage? Marital change and continuity in India. Population and Development Review, 42(3), 435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2016.00149.x
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-066X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J. (2011). Emerging adulthood(s): The cultural psychology of a new life stage. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New syntheses in theory, research, and policy (pp. 255–275). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bansal, P. (2013). Youth in contemporary India. New Delhi, India: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0715-3
Bhatia, S. (2018). Decolonizing psychology: Globalization, social justice, and Indian youth identities. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chhapia, H. (2014, February 2). 37 Lakh migrated for education within India in a decade. Times of India. Retrieved from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Facio, A., & Micocci, F. (2003). Emerging adulthood in Argentina. In J. J. Arnett & N. L. Galambos (Eds.), New directions for child and adolescent development: Cultural conceptions of the transition to adulthood (pp. 21–32). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Facio, A., Resett, S., Micocci, F., & Mistrorigo, C. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Argentina: An age of diversity and possibilities. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00025.x
Faherty, A. N., Lowe, K., & Arnett, J. J. (Under Review). Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment.
Faherty, A. N., Marcelo, A. K., & Yates, T. (In prep). Fa[me]ily: Filial responsibility, self-esteem, and wellbeing in college-going emerging adults.
Fingerman, K., Cheng, Y., Kim, K., Fung, H., Han, G., … Wagner, J. (2016). Parental involvement with college students in Germany, Hong Kong, Korea, and the United States. Journal of Family Issues, 37(10), 1384–1411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14541444
Fingerman, K. L., & Yahirun, J. J. (2016). Emerging adulthood in the context of family. In J. J. Arnett (Ed.), The oxford handbook of emerging adulthood (pp. 163–189). New York: Oxford University Press.
Fuligni, A. J., & Pederson, S. (2002). Family obligation and the transition to young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 38(5), 856–868. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.38.5.856
Hooper, L. M., Tomek, S., Bond, J. M., & Reif, M. S. (2014). Race/ethnicity, gender, parentification, and psychological functioning: Comparisons among a nationwide university sample. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 23, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480714547187
Jankowski, P. J., Hooper, L. M., Sandage, S. J., & Hannah, N. J. (2013). Parentification and mental health symptoms: Mediator effects of perceived unfairness and differentiation of the self. Journal of Family Therapy, 35(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00574.x
Jurkovic, G. J., Kuperminc, G., Perilla, J., Murphy, A., Ibañez, G., & Casey, S. (2004). Ecological and ethnical perspectives on filial responsibility: Implications for primary prevention with immigrant Latino adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(1), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:jopp.0000039940.99463.eb
Kuperminc, G. P., Jurkovic, G. J., & Casey, S. (2009). Relation of filial responsibility to the personal and social adjustment of Latino adolescents from immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014064
Kuperminc, G. P., Wilkins, N. J., Jurkovic, G. J., & Perilla, J. L. (2013). Filial responsibility, perceived fairness, and psychological functioning of Latino youth from immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(2), 173–182.
McCormick, W. H., Turner, L. A., & Foster, J. D. (2015). A model of perceived parenting, authenticity, contingent self-worth and internalized aggression among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 504–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.050
Mitchell, L. L., & Syed, M. (2015). Does college matter for emerging adulthood? Comparing developmental trajectories of educational groups. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 2012–2027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0330-0
Mitra, D., & Arnett, J. J. (2019). Life choices of emerging adults in India. Emerging Adulthood, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696819851891
Niranjan, S., Nair, S., & Roy, T. K. (2005). A socio-demographic analysis of the size and structure of the family in India. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36, 623–651.
Ponizovsky-Bergelson, Y., Kurman, J., & Roer-Strier, D. (2015). Adjustment enhance or moderator? The role of resiliency in postmigration filial responsibility. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(3), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000080
Rajaram, D. (2013, May 3). The promise and peril of India’s youth bulge. The Diplomat. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2013/03/the-promise-and-peril-of-indias-youth-bulge/2/
Regmi, P. R., van Teijlingen, E. R., Simkhada, P., & Acharya, D. R. (2011). Dating and sex among emerging adults in Nepal. Journal of Adolescent Research, 26, 675–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558410384735
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press.
Rosenbaum, J. (2001). Beyond college for all: Career paths for the forgotten half. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Seiter, L. N., & Nelson, L. J. (2011). An examination of emerging adulthood in college students and nonstudents in India. Journal of Adolescent Research, 26(4), 506–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558410391262
Sinha, D., & Tripathi, R. C. (1994). Individualism in a collectivist culture: A case of coexistence of opposites. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Ç. Kâğitçibaşi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (Cross-cultural research and methodology series) (Vol. 18, pp. 123–136). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2009). Longitudinal trajectories of ethnic identity during the college years. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 601–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532.2009.00609.x
Syed, M., & Mitchell, L. L. (2013). Race, ethnicity, and emerging adulthood: Retrospect and prospects. Emerging Adulthood, 1(2), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696813480503
Tanner, J. (2006). Recentering during emerging adulthood: A critical turning point in lifespan human development. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 21–55). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Thomas, J. J. (2014). The demographic challenge and employment growth in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(6), 15–17.
Trochim, W. M. K. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7189(89)90016-5
Vélez-Agosto, N. M., Soto-Crespo, J. G., Vizcarrondo-Oppenheimer, M., Vega-Molina, S., & García Coll, C. (2017). Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory revision: Moving culture from the macro into the micro. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(5), 900–910. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617704397
Wang, Q. (2018). Studying cognitive development in cultural context: A multi-level analysis approach. Developmental Review, 50, 54–64.
Further Reading
Arnett, J. J. (2011). Emerging adulthood(s): The cultural psychology of a new life stage. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New syntheses in theory, research, and policy (pp. 255–275). New York: Oxford University Press.
Faherty, A. N., Marcelo, A. K., & Yates, T. (In prep). Fa[me]ily: Filial responsibility, self-esteem, and wellbeing in college-going emerging adults.
Mitra, D., & Arnett, J. J. (2019). Life choices of emerging adults in India. Emerging Adulthood, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696819851891
Vélez-Agosto, N. M., Soto-Crespo, J. G., Vizcarrondo-Oppenheimer, M., Vega-Molina, S., & García Coll, C. (2017). Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory revision: Moving culture from the macro into the micro. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(5), 900–910. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617704397
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Faherty, A.N., Mitra, D. (2020). Emerging Adulthoods: A Microcultural Approach to Viewing the Parent-Child Relationship. In: Ashdown, B.K., Faherty, A.N. (eds) Parents and Caregivers Across Cultures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35590-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35590-6_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35589-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35590-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)