Abstract
Today, early career teachers find themselves in a unique historical position, having been produced by the marketised systems in which they now seek to find work. For these ‘market natives’, the neoliberal world of differentiated and segregated schools has long been the norm, as has its differential effects on students and parents. In this chapter, Stacey introduces the core argument of her book: that this policy settlement is having commensurate effects on teachers’ work, compounded by current narratives of ‘quality’ surrounding who teachers are and what they do. Stacey then outlines how she sought to approach this issue in her research, through the use of Bourdieuian theoretical tools and a case-based methodology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Apple, M. W. (2005). Doing things the ‘right’ way: Legitimating educational inequalities in conservative times. Educational Review, 57(3), 271–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500149002.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Geographic distribution of the population. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Geographic%20distribution%20of%20the%20population~49.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Schools Australia 2018. Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4221.0.
Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2015). Guide to understanding ICSEA (Index of Community Socio-educational Advantage) values: Fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.acara.edu.au/verve/_resources/Guide_to_understanding_icsea_values.pdf.
Australian Government. (2019). What is the Schooling Resource Standard and how does it work? Retrieved from https://www.education.gov.au/what-schooling-resource-standard-and-how-does-it-work.
Baker, J. (2019, January 24). ‘The best of the best’: Sydney public school attracting students from all over the world. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/education/the-best-of-the-best-sydney-public-school-attracting-students-from-all-over-the-world-20190124-p50te9.html.
Ball, S. J. (1990). Politics and policy making in education: Explorations in policy sociology. London, UK: Routledge.
Ball, S. J. (1993). What is policy? Texts, trajectories and toolboxes. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 13(2), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0159630930130203.
Ball, S. J. (1994). Education reform: A critical and post-structural approach. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Ball, S. J. (2003a). Class strategies and the education market: The middle classes and social advantage. London, UK: RoutledgeFalmer.
Ball, S. J. (2003b). The teacher’s soul and the terrors of performativity. Journal of Education Policy, 18(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093022000043065.
Ball, S. J., & Youdell, D. (2007, July). Hidden privatisation in public education. Paper presented at the Education International 5th World Congress, Berlin.
Barrett, B. D., & Martina, C. A. (2012). Towards a non-deterministic reading of Pierre Bourdieu: Habitus and educational change in urban schools. Policy Futures in Education, 10(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2012.10.3.249.
Berliner, D. (2013a). Effects of inequality and poverty vs. teachers and schooling on America’s youth. Teachers College Record, 115, 1–26.
Berliner, D. (2013b). Problems with value-added evaluations of teachers? Let me count the ways. The Teacher Educator, 48(4), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2013.827496.
Berliner, D. (2014). Exogenous variables and value-added assessments: A fatal flaw. Teachers College Record, 116, 1–31.
Bonnor, C., & Shepherd, B. (2016a). School daze. Retrieved from the Centre for Policy Development website: https://cpd.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/School-Daze-4.pdf.
Bonnor, C., & Shepherd, B. (2016b). Uneven playing field: The state of Australia’s schools. Retrieved from the Centre for Policy Development website: http://cpd.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/The-State-of-Australias-Schools.pdf.
Bourdieu, P. (1981). Men and machines. In K. Knorr-Cetina & A. V. Cicourel (Eds.), Advances in social theory and methodology: Toward an integration of micro- and macro-sociologies (pp. 304–317). Boston, MA: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Bourdieu, P. (1985). The social space and the genesis of groups. Theory and Society, 14(6), 723–744. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/journal/11186.
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1980)
Bourdieu, P. (2002a). The forms of capital (R. Nice, Trans.). In N. W. Biggart (Ed.), Readings in economic sociology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell (Reprinted from Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, pp. 241–258, by J. G. Richardson, Ed., 1986, Westport, CN: Greenwood Press).
Bourdieu, P. (2002b). Habitus. In J. Hillier & E. Rooksby (Eds.), Habitus: A sense of place (pp. 27–34). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Bourdieu, P. (2010). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste (R. Nice, Trans.). London, UK: Routledge. (Original work published 1984)
Bourdieu, P., & Johnson, R. (1993). The field of cultural production: Essays on art and literature. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. (1990). Reproduction in education, society and culture (R. Nice, Trans.). London, UK: Sage. (Original work published 1970)
Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1989). Towards a reflexive sociology: A workshop with Pierre Bourdieu. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 26–63. Retrieved from sagepub.com/en-us/nam/sociological-theory/journal201997.
Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Campbell, C. (2014). Public and private in Australian schooling. http://dehanz.net.au.
Campbell, C., & Proctor, H. (2014). A history of Australian schooling. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Campbell, C., Proctor, H., & Sherington, G. (2009). School choice: How parents negotiate the new school market in Australia. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Carbado, D. W., Crenshaw, K., Mays, V. M., & Tomlinson, B. (2013). Intersectionality: Mapping the movements of a theory. Du Bois Review, 10(2), 303–312.
Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation. (2018). Workforce profile of the NSW teaching profession 2016. Retrieved from https://www.cese.nsw.gov.au/publications-filter/workforce-profile-of-the-nsw-teaching-profession-2016.
Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation. (2019). NSW public schools. Master dataset. Retrieved from www.data.cese.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset/nsw-public-schools-master-dataset/resource/2ac19870-44f6-443d-a0c3-4c867f04c305.
Chapman, A., Mangion, A., & Buchanan, R. (2015). Institutional statements of commitment and widening participation policy in Australia. Policy Futures in Education, 13(8), 995–1009.
Chubb, J. E., & Moe, T. M. (1990). Politics, markets and America’s schools. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute.
Cohen, J. L. (2010). Teachers in the news: A critical analysis of one US newspaper’s discourse on education, 2006–2007. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300903465450.
Connell, R. (2010). Building the neoliberal world: Managers as intellectuals in a peripheral economy. Critical Sociology, 26(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920510377000.
Considine, G. (2012). Neo-liberal reforms in NSW public secondary education: What has happened to teachers’ work? (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Sydney Digital Theses (hdl.handle.net/2123/8596).
Cranston, N., Kimber, M., Mulford, B., Reid, A., & Keating, J. (2010). Politics and school education in Australia: A case of shifting purposes. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(2), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231011027842.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.
Doherty, C., Rissman, B., & Browning, B. (2013). Educational markets in space: Gamekeeping professionals across Australian communities. Journal of Education Policy, 28(1), 121–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2012.692394.
Dronkers, J., & Avram, S. (2015). What can international comparisons teach us about school choice and non-governmental schools in Europe? Comparative Education, 51(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2014.935583.
Esson, K., Johnston, K., & Vinson, T. (2002). Inquiry into the provision of public education in NSW: Second report. Retrieved from the NSW Teachers Federation website: www.nswtf.org.au/files/second_report.pdf.
Fitzgerald, S., McGrath-Champ, S., Stacey, M., Wilson, R., & Gavin, M. (2018). Intensification of teachers’ work under devolution: A ‘tsunami’ of paperwork. Journal of Industrial Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185618801396.
Fitzgerald, S., Stacey, M., McGrath-Champ, S., Parding, K., & Rainnie, A. (2018). Devolution, market dynamics and the Independent Public School initiative in Western Australia: ‘Winning back’ what has been lost? Journal of Education Policy, 33(5), 662–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1412502.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363.
Forsey, M. (2010). Publicly minded, privately focused: Western Australian teachers and school choice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.06.011.
Friedman, M. (1955). The role of government in education. In R. A. Solo (Ed.), Economics and the public interest (pp. 123–144). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Friedman, M. (1997). Public schools: Make them private. Education Economics, 5(3), 341–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645299700000026.
Gavin, M., & McGrath-Champ, S. (2017). Devolving authority: The impact of giving public schools power to hire staff. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 55, 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12110.
Gewirtz, S., Ball, S. J., & Bowe, R. (1995). Markets, choice and equity in education. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Goldstein, D. (2015). The teacher wars (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Anchor Books.
Gonski, D., Boston, K., Greiner, K., Lawrence, C., Scales, B., & Tannock, P. (2011). Review of funding for schooling: Final report. Retrieved from the Australian Government’s Department of Education website: https://docs.education.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/review-of-funding-for-schooling-final-report-dec-2011.pdf.
Goss, P., & Sonnemann, J. (2016). Circuit breaker: A new compact on school funding. Retrieved from https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/881-Circuit-Breaker-New-Compact.pdf.
Goss, P., Sonnemann, J., & Nolan, J. (2019). Attracting high achievers to teaching. Melbourne, VIC: Grattan Institute.
Harvey, A., Andrewartha, L., & Burnheim, C. (2016). Out of reach? University for people from low socio-economic status backgrounds. In A. Harvey, C. Burnheim, & M. Brett (Eds.), Student equity in Australian higher education (pp. 69–85). Singapore: Springer.
Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. London: Routledge.
Ho, C. (2011). ‘My School’ and others: Segregation and white flight. Australian Review of Public Affairs. Retrieved from www.australianreview.net.
Ho, C., & Bonnor, C. (2018). Institutionalised separation: The impact of selective schools. Retrieved from https://cpd.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Institutionalised-Separation-Report-13-July.pdf.
Koinzer, T., Nikolai, R., & Waldow, F. (2017). Private schools and school choice in compulsory education: Global change and national challenge (T. Koinzer, R. Nikolai, & F. Waldow, Eds.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer.
Kumashiro, K. K. (2012). Bad teacher! How blaming teachers distorts the bigger picture. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Lamb, S., Jackson, J., Walstab, A., & Huo, S. (2015). Educational opportunity in Australia 2015: Who succeeds and who misses out. Melbourne, VIC: Mitchell Institute.
Larsen, M. A. (2010). Troubling the discourse of teacher centrality: A comparative perspective. Journal of Education Policy, 25(2), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930903428622.
Little, J. W., Bartlett, L., Mayer, D., & Ogawa, R. T. (2010). The teacher workforce and problems of educational equity. Review of Research in Education, 34(1), 285–328. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X09356099.
Lortie, D. C. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lubienski, C., & Myers, P. S. (2016). The rhetoric and reality of school reform: Choice, competition, and organizational incentives in market-oriented education. In C. H. Tienken & C. A. Mullen (Eds.), Education policy perils: Tackling the tough issues (pp. 7–26). New York, NY: Routledge.
Maguire, M. (2005). Textures of class in the context of schooling: The perceptions of a ‘class-crossing’ teacher. Sociology, 39(3), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038505052492.
Marginson, S. (1997). Markets in education. Sydney, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
McGrath-Champ, S., Wilson, R., Stacey, M., & Fitzgerald, S. (2018). Understanding work in schools. Retrieved from https://news.nswtf.org.au/application/files/7315/3110/0204/Understanding-Work-In-Schools.pdf.
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Mockler, N. (2014). Simple solutions to complex problems: Moral panic and the fluid shift from ‘equity’ to ‘quality’ in education. Review of Education, 2(2), 115–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3028.
Mockler, N. (2018). Early career teachers in Australia: A critical policy historiography. Journal of Education Policy, 33(2), 262–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1332785.
Morsy, L., Gulson, K., & Clarke, M. (2014). Democracy, ‘sector-blindness’ and the delegitimisation of dissent in neoliberal education policy: A response to Discourse 34(2), May 2013. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(3), 444–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.890267.
Musset, P. (2012). School choice and equity: Policies in OECD countries and a literature review. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529507.pdf.
Noble, G., & Watkins, M. (2003). So, how did Bourdieu learn to play tennis? Habitus, consciousness and habituation. Cultural Studies, 17(3–4), 520–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950238032000083926.
Norton, A. (2016). Mapping Australian higher education 2016. Retrieved from https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/875-Mapping-Australian-Higher-Education-2016.pdf.
Nous Group. (2011). Schooling challenges and opportunities: A report for the review of funding for schooling panel. Melbourne, VIC: Melbourne Graduate School of Education.
NSW Government. (2018). New standards for NSW’s teachers. Retrieved from https://www.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/news/new-standards-for-nsw-teachers/.
OECD. (2016a). PISA 2015 results (volume I): Excellence and equity in education. Paris, France: PISA OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2016b). PISA 2015 results (volume II): Policies and practices for successful schools. Paris, France: PISA OECD Publishing.
Parding, K., McGrath-Champ, S., & Stacey, M. (2017). Teachers, school choice and competition: Lock-in effects within and between sectors. Policy Futures in Education, 15(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210316688355.
Peck, J. (2010). Constructions of neoliberal reason. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Perry, L., & McConney, A. (2010). Does the SES of the school matter? An examination of socioeconomic status and student achievement using PISA 2003. Teachers College Record, 112(4), 1137–1162.
Perry, L., & Southwell, L. (2014). Access to academic curriculum in Australian secondary schools: A case study of a highly marketised education system. Journal of Education Policy, 29(4), 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2013.846414.
Posey-Maddox, L., McDonough Kimelberg, S., & Cucchiara, M. (2016). Seeking a ‘critical mass’: Middle-class parents’ collective engagement in city public schooling. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(7), 905–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2014.986564.
Preston, B. (1984). Residualization: What’s that? The Australian Teacher, 8, 5–6.
Proctor, H., & Aitchison, C. (2015). Markets in education: ‘School choice’ and family capital. In G. Meagher & S. Goodwin (Eds.), Markets, rights and power in Australian social policy (pp. 323–341). Sydney, NSW: Sydney University Press.
Ravitch, D. (2010). The death and life of the great American school system. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Ravitch, D. (2013). Reign of error: The hoax of the privatisation movement and the danger to America’s public schools. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Reay, D. (2015). Habitus and the psychosocial: Bourdieu with feelings. Cambridge Journal of Education, 45(1), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2014.990420.
Reay, D., Crozier, G., & James, D. (2011). White middle-class identities and urban schooling. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2010). Globalizing education policy. London, UK: Routledge.
Rowe, E. E. (2014). The discourse of public education: An urban campaign for a local public high school in Melbourne, Victoria. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(1), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2012.739471.
Rowe, E. E. (2015). Theorising geo-identity and David Harvey’s space: School choices of the geographically bound middl-class. Critical Studies in Education, 56(3), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2014.969288.
Rowe, E. E. (2017a). Middle-class school choice in urban spaces: The economics of public schooling and globalized education reform. London, UK: Routledge.
Rowe, E. E. (2017b). Politics, religion and morals: The symbolism of public schooling for the urban middle-class identity. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 26(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2016.1200479.
Rowe, E. E., & Lubienski, C. (2017). Shopping for schools or shopping for peers: Public schools and catchment area segregation. Journal of Education Policy, 32(3), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1263363.
Savage, G. C., & Lewis, S. (2018). The phantom national? Assembling national teaching standards in Australia’s federal system. Journal of Education Policy, 33(1), 118–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1325518.
Sherington, G., & Hughes, J. (2012). Education. In D. Clune & R. Smith (Eds.), From Carr to Keneally: Labor in office in NSW 1995–2011 (pp. 138–149). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Singhal, P. (2019, June 4). ‘Key growth area’: Sydney to get new selective school. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/education/key-growth-area-sydney-to-get-a-new-selective-school-20190604-p51u8s.html.
Skourdoumbis, A. (2014). Teacher effectiveness: Making the difference to student achievement? British Journal of Educational Studies, 62(2), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2014.930413.
Skourdoumbis, A. (2017). Teacher quality, teacher effectiveness and the diminishing returns of current education policy expressions. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 15(1), 42–59.
Skourdoumbis, A., & Gale, T. (2013). Classroom teacher effectiveness research: A conceptual critique. British Educational Research Journal, 39(5), 892–906. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3008.
Smyth, J. (2001). Critical politics of teachers’ work: An Australian perspective. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Stacey, M. (2016). Middle class parents’ educational work at an academically selective public high school. Critical Studies in Education, 57(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2015.1043312.
Stacey, M. (2017). The teacher ‘problem’: An analysis of the NSW education policy Great Teaching, Inspired Learning. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(5), 782–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2016.1168778.
Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 443–466). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stake, R. E. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
Teese, R. (2000). Academic success and social power. Carlton, VIC: Melbourne University Press.
Teese, R. (2007). Time and space in the reproduction of educational inequality. In R. Teese, S. Lamb, & M. Duru-Bellat (Eds.), International studies in educational inequality: Theory and policy (Vol. 1, pp. 1–21). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
Teese, R., & Polesel, J. (2003). Undemocratic schooling: Equity and quality in mass secondary education in Australia. Carlton, VIC: Melbourne University Publishing.
Thomson, S., De Bortoli, L., & Underwood, C. (2016). PISA 2015: A first look at Australia’s results. Camberwell, VIC: ACER.
Thrupp, M. (1999). Schools making a difference: Let’s be realistic! Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Thrupp, M., & Lupton, R. (2006). Taking school contexts more seriously: The social justice challenge. British Journal of Educational Studies, 54(3), 308–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2006.00348.x.
Ting, I., Palmer, A., & Scott, N. (2019). Rich school, poor school: Australia’s great education divide. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-13/rich-school-poor-school-australias-great-education-divide/11383384.
Vickers, M. (2004). Markets and mobilities: Dilemmas facing the comprehensive neighbourhood high school. Melbourne Studies in Education, 45(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2004.9558613.
Vickers, M. (2005). In the common good: The need for a new approach to funding Australia’s schools. Australian Journal of Education, 49(3), 264–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494410504900304.
Vickers, M. (2015). Neglecting the evidence: Are we expecting too much from quality teaching? In H. Proctor, P. Brownlee, & B. Lingard (Eds.), Controversies in education: Orthodoxy and heresy in policy and practice (pp. 81–90). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Windle, J. (2015). Making sense of school choice: Politics, policies, and practice under conditions of cultural diversity. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Yang, Y. (2014). Bourdieu, practice and change: Beyond the criticism of determinism. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 46(1), 1522–1540. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2013.839375.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stacey, M. (2020). Born into the Business: A Study of the Early Career Teacher as Market Native. In: The Business of Teaching. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35407-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35407-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35406-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35407-7
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)