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Emerging and Reemerging Bacterial Pathogens of Humans in Environmental and Hospital Settings

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Current Microbiological Research in Africa

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Abstract

This chapter reviews emerging and reemerging bacterial pathogens in environmental and hospital settings and that are either endemic, epidemic, or have caused sporadic outbreaks or have shown increased prevalence in clinical cases in Africa in recent times. In Africa, bacterial pathogens like Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Plesiomonas shigelloides have become critical clinical pathogens on the watch list for their increased incidence in clinical cases, ubiquity in the environment, and heightened exposure risk. Increased and consistent antibiotic resistance observed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis hampers treatment options and promotes the circulation of this pathogen, making it a reemerging pathogen of concern. Vibrio cholerae O1, Listeria monocytogenes, and Neisseria meningitidis are endemic in Africa and have historically been responsible for severe health concerns in African countries, despite numerous interventions initiated to control their increase and spread. They cause severe health and economic burdens in many African countries, influenced by socioeconomic, environmental/ecological, pathogen (evolution and the development of drug resistance), and human factors. In Africa, prevention and control strategies for these emerging pathogens are hampered by inequalities in necessary infrastructure (waste disposal and water supply), healthcare provision, environmental conditions, hygiene practices, sanitary conditions, and lack of epidemiological data due to inadequate surveillance and investigation.

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  1. Ubani Esther K. Fono-Tamo and Martina Oyedi Chukwu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life and Consumer Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa

    Ubani Esther K. Fono-Tamo, Martina Oyedi Chukwu & John Barr Dewar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Gauteng, South Africa

    Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa

  3. Water Research Commission, Lynnwood Bridge Office Park, Bloukrans Building, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa

    Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa

  4. Division of Academic Affairs, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Pretoria North, South Africa

    C. L. Obi

  5. Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Akebe Luther King Abia

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    Akebe Luther King Abia

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    Guy R. Lanza

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Fono-Tamo, U.E.K., Chukwu, M.O., Ubomba-Jaswa, E., Obi, C.L., Dewar, J.B., Abia, A.L.K. (2020). Emerging and Reemerging Bacterial Pathogens of Humans in Environmental and Hospital Settings. In: Abia, A., Lanza, G. (eds) Current Microbiological Research in Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35296-7_2

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