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Beyond Our Genes pp 17–35Cite as

Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease

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Abstract

Intrinsic body clocks evolved in almost all organisms, ranging from fungi, bacteria, plants, to animals including humans. Circadian (24-h) clocks time the organism’s behavior and physiology in accordance with their environmental 24-h day. This autonomous circadian timing system allows the pre-adjustment to recurring environmental changes e.g. food availability, the presence of predators, and thereby enhances the chances of survival. Additionally, counteractive processes, such as anabolism and catabolism can be separated in time, which enhances the efficiency of the organism.

With the discovery of artificial light, the possibility to travel between time zones by airplanes, and modern food industry, people especially from the Western society no longer live in accordance with their environment. Consequently, living in a modern world is accompanied with a mismatch of the intrinsic clock time with the environmental daytime, such as occurs in shift workers or during jetlag. This misalignment has been associated with several dramatic health problems, including inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome and even cancer, indicating the strong link between the circadian system and overall health. In this chapter we introduce the importance of a balanced relationship between the circadian system and its environment during health and disease.

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  1. Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL – Institute of Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany

    Silke Kiessling

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  1. Head of the Environmental Epigenetics Group, Institute of Experimental Genetics & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bayern, Germany

    Raffaele Teperino

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Kiessling, S. (2020). Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease. In: Teperino, R. (eds) Beyond Our Genes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35213-4_2

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