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Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections pp 245–267Cite as

Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Control and Therapy Through Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Osteomyelitis (OM) also known as bone infection is a subtle but a severe condition. OM in diabetic foot is a complication of a foregoing foot infection. The conventional remedies for osteomyelitis include prolonged and aggressive use of antibiotics and surgical intervention in case of severe infections. The treatment of bone infections through antibiotics often fails due to a widespread range of drug-resistant bacteria, poor accessibility of many antimicrobials to the deeper parts of the bones, facile formation of biofilm on the bone surface, and elevated hazards associated with drug toxicity. Nanotechnology-based interventions provide the possible solutions owing to their high targeting potential and efficient delivery, thus leading to the development of novel anti-infective formulations. The nanodelivery systems can be devised with precise functional moieties capable of selective transport of drugs to the specific site in a controlled manner, thus overcoming the most significant milestone in formulating anti-infectives. This chapter aims to explore the application of nanotechnology for the treatment of OM. Further, the pathogenic events along with the available therapeutic remedies, their disadvantages, and the role of nanosizing in OM have been discussed at length.

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Abbreviations

AG:

Antibiotic group

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

CAPs:

Calcium phosphates

CI:

Confidence interval

CNS:

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

CT:

Computed tomography

DDS:

Drug delivery system

DFO:

Diabetic foot osteomyelitis

DFUs:

Diabetic foot ulcers

DO:

Diabetic osteomyelitis

ESR:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

FDG-PET:

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

LR:

Likelihood ratio

MBIC:

Minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MIC:

Minimal inhibitory concentrations

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

OM:

Osteomyelitis

PEG:

Poly (ethylene glycol)

PLGA:

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PTB:

Probe-to-bone test

SG:

Surgical group

TCP:

Tricalcium phosphate

TMP-SMX:

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

WBC:

White blood cell

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Vandita Kakkar, Parina Kumari, Priyanka Narula & Mohd Yaseen

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    Mahendra Rai

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Kakkar, V., Kumari, P., Narula, P., Yaseen, M. (2020). Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Control and Therapy Through Nanotechnology. In: Rai, M. (eds) Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35147-2_14

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