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Applications of Chitosan and Nanochitosan in Formulation of Novel Antibacterial and Wound Healing Agents

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Book cover Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections

Abstract

Applications of chitosan and nanochitosan biomaterials in biomedical field are based on important advantages of this biopolymer including biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostatic, antimicrobial activities, acceleration in wound healing process, nearly controlled release of antimicrobial agents and growth factors. However, low solubility of chitosan in physiological pH condition is important disadvantage which can be resulted in fast metabolism of this biopolymer by enzymes of gastrointestinal tract. Other striking drawbacks in chitosan application are low degree of stability, mechanical resistance, and porosity which can have negative effects on wound healing. Hence, it can be used as biocomposites/nano-biocomposites forms via interaction with natural and synthetic polymers or other materials. Considering these facts, recent advancements related to wound healing and antibacterial agents based on combination of chitosan with major natural polymers involving cellulose, collagen, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, starch, and chondroitin sulfate are presented in this chapter.

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Abbreviations

AND:

Andrographolide

ChNF:

Chitosan nanofibril

ChNC:

Chitosan nanocrystal

CN:

Chitosan nanoparticle

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystal

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibril

CNW:

Cellulose nanowhiskers

CPP:

Cell-penetrating peptide

DA:

Deacetylation

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EDTAD:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride

IαI:

Inter-α-inhibitor

KGM:

Konjac glucomannan

MRSA:

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA:

Me thicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

MTGase:

Microbial transglutaminase

NC:

Nanocellulose

NLC:

Nanostructured lipid carrier

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

S:

Stearic acid

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticle

TSG-6:

TNF-stimulated gene 6

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mehran Alavi

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  1. Mehran Alavi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

    Mahendra Rai

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Alavi, M. (2020). Applications of Chitosan and Nanochitosan in Formulation of Novel Antibacterial and Wound Healing Agents. In: Rai, M. (eds) Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35147-2_10

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