Skip to main content

Forest Diseases in Brazil: Status and Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Forest Pest and Disease Management in Latin America

Abstract

Brazil has an area of 851.6 million ha, of which over 477 million ha is covered with natural forest and other 7.84 million ha has commercial forest plantations. The latter are dominated by non-native species: eucalypts, pines, teaks, acacia, poplars, gmelina, and African mahogany, which occupy 96% of forestry areas, while native species like rubber tree (Hevea spp.), “cuiabano” pine (Schizolobium amazonicum), and swamp cedar (Calophyllum brasiliense) occupy 4%. Surveys conducted over the last two decades have shown important diseases and damage for cultivated species: Eucalyptus, Austropuccinia psidii (myrtaceous rust); Hevea, Microcyclus ulei (South American leaf blight). In this chapter you can obtain more details about the management of these diseases so dangerous to the world.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agosta SJ, Janz N, Brooks DR (2010) How specialists can be generalists: resolving the “parasite paradox” and implications for emerging infectious disease. Zoologia 27: 151–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AGROFIT (2019) Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Brasília, DF

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC et al (2013) Modeling monthly mean air temperature for Brazil. Theor Appl Climatol 113:407–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvares CA, Sentelhas PC, Mattos EM et al (2016) Climatic favourability zones for eucalyptus rust in Brazil. For Pathol 47:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves AA, Guimarães LMS, Chaves ARM (2011) Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of Eucalyptus urophylla in response to Puccinia psidii infection. Acta Physiol Plant 33(5):1831–1839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blossey B, Nötzold R (1995) Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive non-indigenous plants: a hypothesis. J Ecol 83:887–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booth TH, Jovanovic T (2012) Assessing vulnerable areas for Puccinia psidii Eucalyptus rust in Australia. Aust Plant Pathol 41:425–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booth TH, Old KM, Jovanovic TA (2000) Preliminary assessment of high risk areas for Puccinia psidii Eucalyptus rust in the Neotropics and Australia. Agric Ecosyst Environ 82:295–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bora KC (2013) Favorabilidade climática da ferrugem do eucalipto no estado do Paraná, 2013. Dissertação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba

    Google Scholar 

  • BRACELPA (2012) Florest plantations: opportunities and challenges for the Brazilian pulp and paper industry on the path of sustainability. Brazilian Pulp and Paper Association, Brasília

    Google Scholar 

  • Brignani Neto F, Furtado EL, Cardoso RMG et al (1991) Efeito de fungicidas sistêmicos no ciclo biológico de Microcyclus ulei, agente da queima da folha da seringueira (Hevea spp). Summa Phytopathol 17:238–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Vienne DM, Hood ME, Giraud T (2009) Phylogenetic determinants of potential host shifts in fungal pathogens. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22: 2532– 2541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diegisser T, Tritsch C, Seitz A, Johannesen J (2009) Infestation of a novel host plant by Tephritis conura (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Britain: host-range expansion or host shift? Genetica 137: 87–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira FA (1989) Patologia florestal: Principais doenças florestais no Brasil. SIF, Viçosa-MG

    Google Scholar 

  • Futuyma DJ, Keese ME, Funk DJ (1995) Genetic constraints on macroevolution: the evolution of host affiliation in the leaf beetle genus Ophraella. Evolution 49:797–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Futuyma DJ, Mitter C (1996) Insect-plant interactions: the evolution of component communities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 351: 1361–1366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furtado EL (1996) Comportamento de Cultivares de Seringueira (Hevea spp.) frente ao Mal-das-Folhas na Região do Vale do Ribeira–SP Piracicaba. Escola Superior Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Furtado, EL (2014) Doenças das folhas e do caule da seringueira. In: Antonio de Padua Alvarenga, Ciriaca A.F.S. do Carmo. (Org.). Seringueira - Segunda Edição. 2ed.Viçosa: EPAMIG Zona da Mata, v. 1, p. 595-632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furtado EL, Marino CL (2003) Eucalyptus rust management in Brazil. Proceedings of Second IUFRO Rusts Forest trees W.P. Conference, Yangling, China-2002, pp. 118–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Furtado EL, Menten JOM, Carvalho JC et al (1985) Ação de fungicidas inibidores de demetilação, na síntese de ergosterol, no controle do mal das folhas da seringueira. Fitol Bras 20:203–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasparotto L, Trindade DR, Silva HM (1984) Doenças da seringueira. Embrapa-CNPSD, Manaus

    Google Scholar 

  • Giraud T, Gladieux P, Gavrilets S (2010) Linking emergence of fungal plant diseases and ecological speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 25:387–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gladieux P, Zhang XG, Roldan-Ruiz I, Caffier V, Leroy T, Devaux M, Van Glabeke S, Coart E, Le Cam B (2010) Evolution of the population structure of Venturia inaequalis, the apple scab fungus, associated with the domestication of its host. Molecular Ecology 19: 658–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonçalves, PS; Cardoso, M; Ortolani, AA (1990) Origem, variabilidade e domesticação da Hevea: uma revisão. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 25(2): 135–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Handley RJ, Treier TSUA, Müller-Schärer H (2008) Testing the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis in a novel framework. Ecology 89:407–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hora Júnior BT, Macedo DM, Barreto RW, Evans HC, Mattos CRR, Maffia LA, et al (2014) Erasing the past: A new identity for the Damoclean pathogen causing South American leaf blight of rubber. PLoS ONE 9(8):e104750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hull-Sanders HM, Clare R, Johnson RH et al (2007) Evaluation of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis: loss of defence against generalist but not specialist herbivores. J Chem Ecol 33:781–799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IBÁ (2017) Relatório Anual 2017. Indústria Brasileira de Árvores

    Google Scholar 

  • Janz N, Nylin S, Nyblom K (2001) Evolutionary dynamics of host plant specialization: a case study of the tribe Nymphalini. Evolution 55: 783–796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi J, Vrieling K (2005) The enemy release and EICA hypothesis revisited: incorporating the fundamental difference between specialist and generalist herbivores. Ecol Lett 8:704–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kageyama PY (1991) Extractive reserves in Brazilian Amazônia and genetic resources conservation. Tenth world Forestry Congress in Paris, September 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane RM, Crawley MJ (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy-release hypothesis. Trends Ecol Evol 17:64–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kriticos DJ, Morin L, Leriche A et al (2013) Combining a climatic niche model of an invasive fungus with its host species distributions to identify risks to natural assets: Puccinia psidii Sensu Lato in Australia. PLoS One 8(5):e64479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefort MC, Boyer S, De Romans S, Glare T, Armstrong K, Worner S (2014). Invasion success of a scarab beetle within its native range: host range expansion versus host-shift. PeerJ 2:e262; DOI 10.7717/peerj.262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo P, Gonzalez L, Reigosa MJ (2010) The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata link in Europe. Ann Forest Sci 67:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masson, MV, Moraes, WB, Furtado, EL (2013) Chemical Control of Eucalyptus Rust: Brazilian Experiences. In: Mizuho Nita. (Org.). Fungicides - Showcases of Integrated Plant Disease Management from Around the World. 1ed.: , p. 1-328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masson MV (2009) Ferrugem do eucalipto: planejamento evasivo, estimativa de dano e análise da viabilidade do controle químico. Thesis, São Paulo State University, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Masson V et al (2007) Zoneamento climático do eucalipto no estado de São Paulo visando o controle da ferrugem. In: Congresso Paulista de Fitopatologia, vol. 30, 2007. Anais, Jaguariuna

    Google Scholar 

  • Menten JOM (1990) Evitação: Forma de defesa das plantas contra patógenos que deve ser melhor compreendida e explorada. Summa Phytopathol 16:77–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell CE, Power AG (2003) Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens. Nature 421:625–627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moraes VHF (1985) Fisiologia da seringueira. In: Curso de especialização em heveicultura, SUDHEVEA/FCAP, Belém

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraes WB (2013) Ferrugem do Eucalipto: favorabilidade climática e métodos de aplicação de fungicida para controle, 2013. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraes WB, de Jesus Junior WC, Cecílio RA et al (2014a) Potential impact of the global climate changes on the spatial distribution of areas of risk for the occurrence of eucalyptus rust in Brazil. Summa Phytopathol 40(2):114–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moraes WB, Jesus Júnior WC de, Mafia RG, (2014b) Mapeamento de áreas de risco para ocorrência da ferrugem do eucalipto no Espírito Santo e extremo sul da Bahia. Summa Phytopathol 40(2):147–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira JMMÁP, Simioni FJ, Oliveira EB (2017) Importância e desempenho das florestas plantadas no contexto do agronegócio brasileiro. Floresta 47(1):85–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortolani AA, Pedro Junior MJ, Alfonsii RR et al (1983) Aptidão agroclimática para a regionalização da heveicultura no Brasil. In: Seminário de Recomendação de Clones de Seringueira, Anais. MIC/SUDHEVEA, Brasília, pp 19–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinheiro E, Libonati VF (1971) O emprego da Hevea pauciflora M.A. como fonte genética da resistência ao mal-das-folhas. Polímeros 1(1):31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz RAR, Alfenas AC, Ferreira FA et al (1989) Influência da temperatura, do tempo de molhamento foliar, fotoperíodo e intensidade de luz sobre a infecção de Puccinia psidii em eucalipto. Fitol Bras 14:55–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambugaro R, Furtado EL, Rodella RA et al (2004) Anatomia foliar de seringueira (Hevea spp.) e desenvolvimento da infecção por Microcyclus ulei. Summa Phytopathol 30:44–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos C (2006) Estudos epidemiológicos da ferrugem do eucalipto causado por Puccinia psidii em plantios irrigados. Thesis, São Paulo State University, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze-Lefert P, Panstruga R (2011) A molecular evolutionary concept connecting non-host resistance, pathogen host range, and pathogen speciation. Trends in Plant Science 16: 117–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva LG (2010) Comportamento de clones de seringueira ao mal das folhas e potencial impacto das mudanças climáticas globais na ocorrência da doença. Dissertação. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva PHM, Miranda AC, Moraes MLT et al (2013) Selecting for rust (Puccinia psidii) resistance in Eucalyptus grandis in São Paulo state, Brazil. Forest Ecol Manag 303:91–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva LG, Junior WCJ, Souza AF et al (2014) Performance of different rubber tree clones against south American leaf blight (Microcyclus ulei). For Pathol 44:211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stukenbrock EH, McDonald BA (2008) The origins of plant pathogens in agro- ecosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 46: 75–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi SS (2002) Ferrugem do eucalipto: índice de infecção, análise temporal e estimativas de danos relacionados a intensidade da doença no campo. Thesis, São Paulo State University, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Valois ACC (1978) Melhoramento genético da seringueira. In: EMBRAPA/CNPSD/FAP. Curso de especialização em heveicultura. Belém

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edson Luiz Furtado .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Furtado, E.L., de Jesus Junior, W.C., Moraes, W.B. (2020). Forest Diseases in Brazil: Status and Management. In: Estay, S. (eds) Forest Pest and Disease Management in Latin America. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35143-4_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics