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Condensable and Liquid Compounds from Biomass and Waste Thermal Degradation

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Handbook on Characterization of Biomass, Biowaste and Related By-products

Abstract

This chapter deals with condensable/liquid compounds produced during biomass and waste thermal degradation processes. These compounds include a huge number of species, mainly organic, but also inorganic. These species may vary according to biomass or waste type, and even more according to process operating conditions, namely temperature, heating rate, reactive gas or pressure. For instance, liquids obtained during torrefaction and their related yields will be strongly different from those obtained during slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis or gasification. A general overview is therefore firstly given of the condensable/liquid compounds produced in each of the main thermal processes together with their typical mass yields. Then the emphasis is put on the challenging task of determination of composition in organic and inorganic species. The most common measurement techniques of these condensable/liquid compounds are detailed. For each technique, the principle and a typical experimental procedure are given, as well as the main advantages and drawbacks, notably regarding species detected, accuracy limits and thus suitability with the different thermal processes. Both online analysis methods, and offline methods are considered. In the case of offline analysis, particular attention is paid to the sample collection step, for instance through condensation in staged cooled vessels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands

    Capucine Dupont & Maria Gonzalez Martinez

  2. Institut für Wärmetechnik/Institute of Thermal Engineering, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 25/B, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Andrés Anca-Couce

  3. Biomass Energy Unit, CIRAD, 73 Rue Jean-François Breton, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Jean-Michel Commandré

  4. Institute of Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Fasanenstrasse 89, 10623, Berlin, Germany

    Alba Dieguez-Alonso

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, Boulevard de L’Université, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Canada

    Thierry Ghislain & Jean-Michel Lavoie

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  1. Capucine Dupont
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  2. Andrés Anca-Couce
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  3. Jean-Michel Commandré
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  4. Alba Dieguez-Alonso
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  5. Thierry Ghislain
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  6. Maria Gonzalez Martinez
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  1. RAPSODEE CNRS, UMR-5302, Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, Albi Cedex, 09, France

    Ange Nzihou

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Dupont, C. et al. (2020). Condensable and Liquid Compounds from Biomass and Waste Thermal Degradation. In: Nzihou, A. (eds) Handbook on Characterization of Biomass, Biowaste and Related By-products. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35020-8_12

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