Abstract
One aspect of social intelligence is the ability to identify when others are being deceptive. It would seem that individuals who were bestowed with such an ability to recognize honest signals of emotion, particularly when attempts to suppress them are made, would have a reproductive advantage over others without it. Yet the research literature suggests that on average people are good at detecting only overt manifestations of these signals. We argue instead that our evolution as a social species living in groups permitted discovery of deceptive incidents due to the factual evidence of the deception transmitted verbally through social connections. Thus the same principles that pressed for our evolution as a cooperative social species enabled us to develop the equivalent of an intelligence network that would pass along information and evidence, thus rendering a press for an individual lie detector moot.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979). Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 441–485. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441
Atkinson, A. P., Dittrich, W. H., Gemmell, A. J., & Young, A. W. (2004). Emotion perception from dynamic and static body expression in point-light and full-light displays. Perception, 33, 717–746.
Aune, R. K., & Waters, L. L. (1994). Cultural differences in deception: Motivations to deceive in Samoans and North Americans. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(94)90026-4
Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38, 1145–1160.
Baker, A., ten Brinke, L., & Porter, S. (2013). Will get fooled again: Emotionally intelligent people are easily duped by high-stakes deceivers. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 18, 300–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.2012.02054.x
Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). Evolution of a theory of mind? In M. C. Corballis & S. E. G. Lea (Eds.), The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution (pp. 261–277). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bartlett, M. S., Littlewort, G. C., Frank, M. G., & Lee, K. (2014). Automatic decoding of facial movements reveals pain expressions. Current Biology, 24, 738–743.
Bear, A., & Rand, D. G. (2016). Intuition, deliberation, and the evolution of cooperation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 936–941. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517780113
Bogart, K. R., & Matsumoto, D. (2010). Facial mimicry is not necessary to recognize emotion: Facial expression recognition by people with Moebius syndrome. Social Neuroscience, 5, 241–251.
Bond, G. D. (2008). Deception detection expertise. Law and Human Behavior, 32, 339–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-007-9110-z
Bond, C. F., Jr., & DePaulo, B. M. (2006). Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 214–234. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_2
Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. (2009). Culture and the evolution of human cooperation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 3281–3288.
Bryant, G. A., & Barrett, H. C. (2008). Vocal emotion recognition across disparate cultures. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 8, 135–148.
Bugental, D. B., Shennum, W., Frank, M. G., & Ekman, P. (2001). “True lies”: Children’s abuse history and power attributions as influences on deception detection. In V. Manusov & J. H. Harvey (Eds.), Attribution, communication behavior, and close relationships (pp. 248–265). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Burkart, J. M., Allon, O., Amici, F., Fichtel, C., Finkenwirth, C., Heschl, A., … van Schaik, C. P. (2014). The evolutionary origin of human hyper-cooperation. Nature Communications, 5, 4747. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5747
Calvo, M. G., & Nummenmaa, L. (2008). Detection of emotional faces: Salient physical features guide effective visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 471–494.
Case, T. I., Stevenson, R. J., Byrne, R. W., & Hobaiter, C. (2019). The Animal Origins of Disgust: Reports of Basic Disgust in Nonhuman Great Apes. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000175.
Caspari, R., & Lee, S. H. (2004). Older age becomes common late in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 101, 10895–10900.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Achievements in public health, 1900–1999.
Chagnon, N. A. (1988). Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population. Science, 239, 985–992.
Cheal, J. L., & Rutherford, M. D. (2013). Context-dependent categorical perception of surprise. Perception, 42, 294–301.
Corballis, M. C. (2002). From hand to mouth: The origins of language. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Cosmides, L., Barrett, H. C., & Tooby, J. (2010). Adaptive specializations, social exchange, and the evolution of human intelligence. Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences, 107, 9007–9014.
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1989). Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part II: Case study: A computational theory of social exchange. Ethology and Sociobiology, 10, 51–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(89)90013-7
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 163–228). New York: Oxford University Press.
Coulson, S. E., O’Dwyer, N., Adams, R., & Croxson, G. R. (2004). Expression of emotion and quality of life following facial nerve paralysis. Otology & Neurotology, 25, 1014–1019.
Cowan, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2019, June 17). What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression. American Psychologist, online publication ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000488
Crane, E., & Gross, M. (2007). Motion capture and emotion: Affect detection in whole body movement. Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, September, 2007.
Cummins, R. A., & Nistico, H. (2002). Maintaining life satisfaction: The role of positive cognitive bias. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 37–69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015678915305
Danziger, E. (2010). On trying and lying: Cultural configurations of Grice’s Maxim of Quality. Intercultural Pragmatics, 7, 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1515/iprg.2010.010
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray.
Darwin, C. (1872/1998). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York Philosophical Library. Darwin, C. (1998). 3rd ed. with Introduction, Afterword and Commentary by Paul Ekman: London: Harper Collins; New York: Oxford University Press.
Dawkins, R., & Krebs, J. R. (1979). Arms races between and within species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 205, 489–511. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0081
de Meijer, M. (1989). The contribution of general features of body movement to the attribution of emotion. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 13, 247–268.
DeMyer, W. (1980). Technique of the neurological examination. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dimberg, U., & Ohman, A. (1996). Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological response to facial stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 20, 149–182.
Dor, D. (2017). The role of the lie in the evolution of human language. Language Sciences, 63, 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2017.01.001
Dunbar, N. E., Gangi, K., Coveleski, S., Adams, A., Bernhold, Q., & Giles, H. (2016). When is it acceptable to lie? Interpersonal and intergroup perspectives on deception. Communication Studies, 67, 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2016.1146911
Dunbar, R. I. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of general psychology, 8, 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Miller, P. A., Fultz, J., Mathy, R. M., Shell, R., & Reno, R. R. (1989). The relations of sympathy and personal distress to prosocial behavior: A multimethod study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 55–66.
Ekman, P. (1972). Universal and cultural differences in facial expression of emotions. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 207–283). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Ekman, P. (1977). Biological and cultural contributions to body and facial movement. In J. Blacking (Ed.), The anthropology of the body (pp. 34–84). London: Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1981). Mistakes when deceiving. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 364, 269–278.
Ekman, P. (1985/2001). Telling lies. New York: Norton.
Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve emotional life. New York: Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49–98. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1969.1.1.49
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1982). Felt, false and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238–252.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & O’Sullivan, M. (1988). Smiles when lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 414–420.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O’Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., … Tzavaras, A. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 712–717.
Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes between emotions. Science, 221, 1208–1210.
Ekman, P., & O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Who can catch a liar? American Psychologist, 46, 913–920. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.9.913
Ekman, P., O’Sullivan, M., & Frank, M. G. (1999). A few can catch a liar. Psychological Science, 10, 263–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00147
Ekman, P., O’Sullivan, M., Friesen, W. V., & Scherer, K. R. (1991). Invited article: Face, voice, and body in detecting deceit. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 15, 125–135.
Ekman, P., Roper, G., & Hager, J. C. (1980). Deliberate facial movement. Child Development, 51(3), 886–891. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129478
Enquist, M., & Leimar, O. (1993). The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms. Animal Behaviour, 45, 747–757. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1089
Esteves, F., Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1994). Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial stimuli. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 393–413.
Etcoff, N. L., Ekman, P., Magee, J. J., & Frank, M. G. (2000). Lie detection and language comprehension. Nature, 405, 139. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012129
Fitch, W. T. (2010). The evolution of language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Frank, M. G., & Ekman, P. (1997). The ability to detect deceit generalizes across different types of high stake lies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1429–1439.
Frank, M. G., & Ekman, P. (2004). Appearing truthful generalizes across different deception situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 486–495.
Frank, M. G., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1993). Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 83–93.
Frank, M. G., & Feeley, T. H. (2003). To catch a liar: Challenges for research in lie detection training. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 31, 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880305377
Frank, M. G., Griffin, D. J., Svetieva, E., & Maroulis, A. (2015). Nonverbal elements of the voice. In A. Kostic & D. Chadee (Eds.), Social psychology of nonverbal communication (pp. 92–133). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Frank, M. G., & Shaw, A. Z. (2016). Evolution and nonverbal communication. In D. Matsumoto, H. C. Hwang, & M. G. Frank (Eds.), Handbook of nonverbal communication (pp. 45–76). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association press.
Frank, M. G., & Svetieva, E. (2015). Micro expressions and deception. In M. K. Mandal & A. Awasthi (Eds.), Understanding facial expressions in communication: Cross-cultural and multidisciplinary perspectives (pp. 227–242). New York: Springer.
Frank, R. H. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of emotions. New York: Norton.
Franzen, A., & Pointner, S. (2012). Anonymity in the dictator game revisited. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.09.005
Frijda, N. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fu, G., Evans, A. D., Wang, L., & Lee, K. (2008). Lying in the name of the collective good: A developmental study. Developmental Science, 11, 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00695.x
Galati, D., Miceli, R., & Sini, B. (2001). Judging and coding facial expression of emotions in congenitally blind children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(3), 268–278.
Galati, D., Sini, B., Schmidt, S., & Tinti, C. (2003, July). Spontaneous facial expressions in congenitally blind and sighted children aged 8–11. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 418–428.
Gavrilets, S., & Richerson, P. J. (2017). Collective action and the evolution of social norm internalization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 6068–6073. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703857114
Gilchrist, M. R. (1998). Disease & infection in the American civil war. The American Biology Teacher, 60, 258.
Gilsenan, M. (1976). Lying, honor, and contradiction. In B. Kapferer (Ed.), Essays in social anthropology; Vol Transaction and meaning: Direction in the anthropology of exchange and symbiotic behavior (pp. 191–219). Philadelphia, PA: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
Gintis, H. (2000). Strong reciprocity and human sociality. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 206, 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2111
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics. Volume 3: Speech acts (pp. 225–242). New York, NY: Seminar Press.
Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hager, J. C., & Ekman, P. (1979). Long-Distance transmission of facial affect signals. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1, 77–82.
Haggard, E. A., & Isaacs, K. S. (1966). Micro-momentary facial expressions as indicators of ego mechanisms in psychotherapy. In L. A. Gottschalk & A. H. Auerbach (Eds.), Methods of research in psychotherapy (pp. 154–165). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. (2005). Nobody’s watching?: Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human behavior, 26, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002
Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1988). Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54, 917.
Heaton, P., Reichenbacher, L., Sauter, D., Allen, R., Scott, S., & Hill, E. (2012). Measuring the effects of alexithymia on perception of emotional vocalizations in autistic spectrum disorder and typical development. Psychological medicine, 42, 2453–2459.
Hiatt, R. A., Sotomayor, Z. R., Sanchez, M., Zombrana, M., & Knight, W. B. (1979). Factors in the pathogenesis of acute Schistosomiasis mansoni. Journal of Infectious Disease, 139, 659–666.
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K., & Smith, V. (1994). Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games. Games and Economic Behavior, 7, 346–380. https://doi.org/10.1006/game.1994.1056
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Hurley, C. M. (2012). Do you see what I see? Learning to detect micro expressions of emotion. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 371–381.
Hurley, C. M., & Frank, M. G. (2011). Executing facial control during deception situations. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35, 119–131.
Hwang, H. C., & Matsumoto, D. (2016). Facial expressions. In D. Matsumoto, H. C. Hwang, & M. G. Frank (Eds.), Handbook of nonverbal communication (pp. 257–288). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association press.
Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
Jensen, A. R. (1998). The g Factor: The Science of mental ability. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Jensen, K., Vaish, A., & Schmidt, M. F. (2014). The emergence of human prosociality: Aligning with others through feelings, concerns, and norms. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 822. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00822
Johansson, S. (2011). Constraining the time when language evolved. Linguistics and Philosophical Investigations, 10, 45–59.
Keltner, D. (1995). The signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 441–454.
Keltner, D., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 250–270.
Kitchen, D. M., Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (2003). Female baboons’ responses to male loud calls. Ethology, 109, 401–412.
Klein, N., & Epley, N. (2015). Group discussion improves lie detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112, 7460–7465. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504048112
Knapp, M. L. (2008). Lying and deception in human interaction. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Krebs, J. R., & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: Mind-reading and manipulation. In J. R. Krebs & N. B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach (2nd ed., pp. 380–402). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lavan, N., Scott, S. K., & McGettigan, C. (2016). Laugh like you mean it: Authenticity modulates acoustic, physiological and perceptual properties of laughter. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-015-0222-8
LeBlanc, S. A. (2003). Constant battles: The myth of the peaceful, noble savage. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
LeDoux, J. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Touchstone.
Lee, K. (2000). Lying as doing deceptive things with words: A speech act theoretical perspective. In J. W. Astington (Ed.), Mind in the making (pp. 177–196). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Lee, K. (2013). Little liars: Development of verbal deception in children. Child development perspectives, 7, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12023
Levenson, R. W. (1999). The intrapersonal functions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 481–504.
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27, 363–384.
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., Heider, K., & Friesen, W. V. (1992). Emotion and autonomic nervous system activity in the Minangkabau of West Sumatra. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 972–988.
Levine, T. R. (2014). Truth-Default Theory (TDT): A theory of human deception and deception detection. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33, 378–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X14535916
Lieberman, P. (2007). Current views on Neanderthal speech capabilities: A reply to Boe et al (2002). Journal of Phonetics, 35, 552–563.
Lieberman, P. (2008). Old-time linguistic theories. Cortex, 44, 218–226.
Lyons, M., Healy, N., & Bruno, D. (2013). It takes one to know one: Relationship between lie detection and psychopathy. Personality and individual differences, 55, 676–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.018
Marsh, A. A., Adams, R. B., Jr., & Kleck, R. E. (2005). Why do fear and anger look the way they do? Form and social function in facial expressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 73–86.
Matsumoto, D. (1993). Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample. Motivation and emotion, 17, 107–123.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. C. (2013). Facial expressions. In D. Matsumoto, M. G. Frank, & H. C. Hwang (Eds.), Nonverbal communication: Science and applications (pp. 15–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. C. (2018). Microexpressions differentiate truths from lies about future malicious intent. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2545. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02545
Matsumoto, D., Keltner, D., Shiota, S., O’Sullivan, M., & Frank, M. G. (2008). Facial expressions of emotion. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 211–234). New York: Guilford Publications.
Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous facial expressions of emotion of congenitally and non-congenitally blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1–10.
McCrone, J. (1991). The ape that spoke: Language and the evolution of the human mind. New York: William Morrow & Co.
McNally, L., & Jackson, A. L. (2013). Cooperation creates selection for tactical deception. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0699
McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mealy, M., Stephan, W., & Urrutia, I. C. (2007). The acceptability of lies: A comparison of Ecuadorians and Euro-Americans. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 689–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.06.002
Meihlke, A. (1973). Surgery of the facial nerve. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Montepare, J. M., Goldstein, S. B., & Clausen, A. (1987). The identification of emotions from gait information. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11, 33–42.
Myers, R. E. (1976). Comparative neurology of vocalization and speech: Proof of a dichotomy. Annual Review of the New York Academy of Sciences, 280, 745–757.
Ning, S. R., & Crossman, A. M. (2007). We believe in being honest: Examining subcultural differences in the acceptability of deception. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 2130–2155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00254.x
Novotny, E., Carr, Z., Frank, M. G., Dietrich, S. B., Shaddock, T., Cardwell, M., & Decker, A. (2018). How people really suspect and discover lies. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 42, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-017-0263-2
O’Sullivan, M., & Ekman, P. (2004). The wizards of deception detection. In P. A. Granhag & L. Strömwell (Eds.), The detection of deception in forensic contexts (pp. 269–286). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
O’Sullivan, M., Frank, M. G., Hurley, C. M., & Tiwana, J. (2009). Police lie detection accuracy: The effect of lie scenario. Law and Human Behavior, 33, 530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-008-9166-4
Ohbuchi, K., Kameda, M., & Agarie, N. (1989). Apology as aggression control: Its role in mediating appraisal of and response to harm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 219–227.
Ohman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). The malicious serpent: Snakes as prototypical stimulus for an evolved module of fear. Psychological Review, 108, 483–522.
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking.
Porter, S., & ten Brinke, L. (2008). Reading between the lies: Identifying concealed and falsified emotions in universal facial expressions. Psychological Science, 19, 508–514.
Porter, S., ten Brinke, L., & Wallace, B. (2012). Secrets and lies: Involuntary leakage in deceptive facial expressions as a function of emotional intensity. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 36(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-011-0120-7
Pruitt, D. G., & Kim, S. H. (2004). Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Reisenzein, R., Bördgen, S., Holtbernd, T., & Matz, D. (2006). Evidence for strong dissociation between emotion and facial displays: The case of surprise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 295–315.
Riggio, R. E., Tucker, J., & Throckmorton, B. (1987). Social skills and deception ability. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167287134013
Rinn, W. E. (1984). The neuropsychology of facial expressions: A review of the neurological and psychological mechanisms for producing facial expressions. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 52–77.
Rodino-Colocino, M. (2018). Me too, # MeToo: Countering cruelty with empathy. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 15, 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420.2018.1435083
Saarni, C., & Weber, H. (1999). Emotional displays and dissemblance in childhood: Implications for self presentation. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman, & E. Coates (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior (pp. 71–105). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sabatinelli, D., Fortune, E. E., Li, Q., Siddiqui, A., Krafft, C., Oliver, W. T., … & Jeffries, J. (2011). Emotional perception: Meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing. Neuroimage, 54, 2524–2533.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185–212.
Sauter, D. A., Eisner, F., Calder, A. J., & Scott, S. K. (2010). Perceptual cues in nonverbal vocal expressions of emotion. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(11), 2251–2272. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470211003721642
Scherer, K. R. (2003). Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms. Speech Communication, 40(1–2), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(02)00084-5
Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., Wallbott, H. G., & Goldbeck, T. (1991). Vocal cues in emotion encoding and decoding. Motivation and Emotion, 15(2), 123–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00995674
Shaw, J., Porter, S., & Ten Brinke, L. (2013). Catching liars: Training mental health and legal professionals to detect high-stakes lies. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 24, 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2012.752025
Shen, X., Wu, Q., Zhao, K., & Fu, X. (2016). Electrophysiological evidence reveals differences between the recognition of microexpressions and macroexpressions. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–11.
Simon-Thomas, E. R., Keltner, D. J., Sauter, D., Sinicropi-Yao, L., & Abramson, A. (2009). The voice conveys specific emotions: Evidence from vocal burst displays. Emotion, 9(6), 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017810
Smith, E. A. (2010). Communication and collective action: Language and the evolution of human cooperation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 231–245.
Snyder, T. (2017). On tyranny: Twenty lessons from the twentieth century. New York: Tim Duggan Books.
Sodian, B., & Frith, U. (1992). Deception and sabotage in autistic, retarded and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 591–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14697610.1992.tb00893.x
Solbu, A., & Frank, M. G. (2019). Lie catchers: Evolution and development of deception in modern times. In T. Docan-Morgan (Ed.), Palgrave handbook of deceptive communication (pp. 41–66). Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, Switzerland.
Sommerfeld, R. D., Krambeck, H. J., & Milinski, M. (2008). Multiple gossip statements and their effect on reputation and trustworthiness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 275, 2529–2536. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0762
Sowden, S., Wright, G. R., Banissy, M. J., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2015). Transcranial current stimulation of the temporoparietal junction improves lie detection. Current Biology, 25, 2447–2451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.014
Spearman, C. (1904). General intelligence objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–292.
Sternberg, R. J., & Detterman, D. (Eds.). (1986). What is intelligence? Contemporary viewpoints on its nature and definition. Norwood, MA: Ablex.
Street, C. N. (2015). ALIED: Humans as adaptive lie detectors. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4, 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.06.002
Susskind, J. M., Lee, D. H., Cusi, A., Feiman, R., Grabski, W., & Anderson, A. K. (2008). Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 843–850.
Svetieva, E., & Frank, M. G. (2016). Empathy, emotion dysregulation, and enhanced microexpression recognition ability. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9528-4
Sweetser, E. (1987). The definition of lie. In D. Holland & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language and thought (pp. 43–66). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sznycer, D., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2017). Adaptationism carves emotions at their functional joints. Psychological Inquiry, 28, 56–62.
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005). In search of the uniquely human. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05540123
Tomasello, M., Melis, A. P., Tennie, C., Wyman, E., & Herrmann, E. (2012). Two key steps in the evolution of human cooperation: The interdependence hypothesis. Current Anthropology, 53, 673–692. https://doi.org/10.1086/668207
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and sociobiology, 11(4), 375–424.
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2005). Conceptual foundations of evolutionary psychology. In D. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 5–67). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2008). The evolutionary psychology of the emotions and their relationship to internal regulatory variables. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 114–137). New York: Guilford.
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2008). The nonverbal expression of pride: Evidence for cross-cultural recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 516–530.
Tracy, J. L., Shariff, A. F., & Cheng, J. T. (2010). A naturalist’s view of pride. Emotion Review, 2, 163–177.
Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/406755
Tschiassny, K. (1953). Eight syndromes of facial paralysis and their significance in locating the lesion. Annual Review of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 62, 677–691.
Tucker, A. W. (1950). A two-person dilemma. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Walbott, H. G. (1998). Bodily expression of emotion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 879–896.
Weisfeld, G. E., & Dillon, L. M. (2012). Applying the dominance hierarchy model to pride and shame, and related behaviors. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 10, 15–41.
Weisfeld, G. E., & Goetz, S. M. M. (2013). Applying evolutionary: Thinking to the study of emotion. Behavioral Sciences, 3, 388–407.
White, T. D., Asfaw, B., Beyene, Y., Haile-Selassie, Y., Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., & Wolde Gabriel, G. (2009). Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids. Science, 326, 75–86.
Willer, R., Feinberg, M., Irwin, K., Schultz, M., & Simpson, B. (2010). The trouble with invisible men. In Handbook of the sociology of morality (pp. 315–330). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6896-8_17
Williams, M. A., & Mattingley, J. B. (2006). Do angry men get noticed? Current Biology, 16, R402–R404.
Wilson, D. S., Wilczynski, C., Wells, A., & Weiser, L. (2000). Gossip and other aspects of language as group-level adaptations. In L. Huber & C. Heyes (Eds.), The evolution of cognition (pp. 347–365). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Winkielman, P., Berridge, K. C., & Wilbarger, J. L. (2005). Unconscious affective reactions to masked happy versus angry faces influence consumption behavior and judgments of value. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 121–135.
Wober, M. (1974). Towards an understanding of the Kiganda concept of intelligence. In J. W. Berry & P. R. Dasen (Eds.), Culture and cognition: Readings in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 261–280). London, UK: Methuen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frank, M.G., Solbu, A. (2020). Nonverbal Communication: Evolution and Today. In: Sternberg, R.J., Kostić, A. (eds) Social Intelligence and Nonverbal Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34964-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34964-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34963-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34964-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)