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Between Constitutionalism and Legal Pluralism: Perspectives from Greece

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Book cover Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 41))

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Abstract

The relationship between the Greek Constitution and European law; the bailout of Greece by combined action of national, European and international institutions; the haircut of Greek bonds to reduce sovereign debt; the compulsory application of sharia law over the Muslim population of a specific region of the country; the impact of the Judgments of the ECHR in the domestic legal order; and the refugee crisis which marks the return of territoriality associated with national sovereignty, are central fields where legal pluralism is tested, in an interplay of national, European and international law. The Greek experience highlights the current dilemma, whether the prevailing trend in the age of globalization is going to be primarily a process of constitutionalization of international law, or, rather, the reverse one. The question is particularly acute in Europe, where both visions compete with one another, and against the return to traditional European nationalism.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Pantelis et al. (2010), p. 807.

  2. 2.

    Tassopoulos (2013), p. 59, citing L. Jaume, Le discours Jacobin et la démocratie, Paris: Fayard, 1989, pp. 25–26.

  3. 3.

    Schmidt (2013), p. 2.

  4. 4.

    Lindseth (2010), p. 6.

  5. 5.

    Tassopoulos (2014), pp. 31–32.

  6. 6.

    Tassopoulos (2007), p. 48.

  7. 7.

    Akron v. Akron Ctr. for Reprod. Health, 462 U.S. 416 (1983), J. O’Connor dissenting, p. 458.

  8. 8.

    Tassopoulos (2013), p. 76.

  9. 9.

    Barragia (2015), p. 268.

  10. 10.

    Bobbit (2002), pp. 234–235.

  11. 11.

    Chayes and Handler Chayes (1998), pp. 22, 135.

  12. 12.

    Mirkine-Guetzévitch (1933), p. 8.

  13. 13.

    Hathaway and Shapiro (2017), pp. 101, 336 (discussing international law’s efforts to outlaw war).

  14. 14.

    Rubenfeld (2004), p. 2023–2026.

  15. 15.

    MacCormick (1999), p. 117.

  16. 16.

    Auby (2017), pp. 19, 118–125.

  17. 17.

    Walker (2013), pp. 240, 263.

  18. 18.

    Scharpf (2014), pp. 93, 143.

  19. 19.

    Contiades and Fotiadou (2014), pp. 718–721.

  20. 20.

    Am. Con. Article VI, Clause 2.

  21. 21.

    Case 26/62, Van Gend en Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie der Belastigen (1963) ECR 1. Case 6/64 Costa v. Enel (1964) ECR 585.

  22. 22.

    Yannakopoulos (2013), pp. 424–434, 446.

  23. 23.

    Cappelletti et al. (1985), pp. 3, 13–14. But see, Moravcsik (2001), p. 187.

  24. 24.

    See above, n. 21.

  25. 25.

    Grabenwarter (2010), pp. 95, 108.

  26. 26.

    https://law.utexas.edu/transnational/foreign-law-translations/german/case.php?id=572 BVerfGE 73, 339 2 BvR 197/83 Solange II-decision, 22 October 1986.

  27. 27.

    Pavlopoulos (2017). Yannakopoulos (2013), pp. 389, 418.

  28. 28.

    Lindseth (2010), p. 47.

  29. 29.

    Id. p. 49.

  30. 30.

    Id. p. 267.

  31. 31.

    Endicott (2003), pp. 201–216.

  32. 32.

    Gauweiler C-62/14.

  33. 33.

    Lindseth (2004), pp. 1341, 1361, 1372.

  34. 34.

    Fletcher and Sheppard (2005), p. 111.

  35. 35.

    Mortati (1998), pp. 110, 136, 139 (discussing constitutional ends).

  36. 36.

    Rigaux (1985), p. 45. See also Albert (2019), p. 78.

  37. 37.

    Vedel (1997), par. 34, 35.

  38. 38.

    Kar (2012), p. 457.

  39. 39.

    Henning (2017), pp. 16, 19, 76, 184.

  40. 40.

    Contiades and Tassopoulos (2013), p. 199.

  41. 41.

    Id. p. 201.

  42. 42.

    Id. p. 203.

  43. 43.

    Regulation (EU) No 473/2013, art. 6-13.

  44. 44.

    Khan and Sharma (2003), p. 227.

  45. 45.

    Idema and Keleman (2006), pp. 108, 118.

  46. 46.

    Simitis (2012), p. 19.

  47. 47.

    Id. p. 25.

  48. 48.

    Tassopoulos (2014), p. 318.

  49. 49.

    Mallis and Malli, (C-105/15 P) par. 61.

  50. 50.

    Cohen and Sabel (1997), pp. 313–342.

  51. 51.

    Zettelmeyer et al. (2013), pp. 34, 11.

  52. 52.

    There were also legal suits in Germany.

  53. 53.

    Romano (2002), pp. 106, 135.

  54. 54.

    Id. pp. 113–114, 122.

  55. 55.

    Id. p. 144.

  56. 56.

    Hauriou (1970), pp. 99, 107.

  57. 57.

    Jeffery (1956–1957), p. 648.

  58. 58.

    Ktistakis (2006), pp. 78, 127.

  59. 59.

    Applications Νos. 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 & 41344/98, par. 123.

  60. 60.

    ECHR, Molla Sali v. Greece (Application no. 20452/14) (Grand Chamber), judgment 19.12.2018, par. 157, 158.

  61. 61.

    Farahat and Markard (2016), p. 945.

  62. 62.

    Benedek (2016), p. 949.

  63. 63.

    Laidi (2008), pp. 20, 63–74.

  64. 64.

    Tamanaha (2008), pp. 375, 397.

  65. 65.

    CS 460/2013 (in pleno).

  66. 66.

    CS 350/2011.

  67. 67.

    CS (in pleno) 460/2013.

  68. 68.

    Tassopoulos (2014), p. 247.

  69. 69.

    Runciman (1997), p. 243.

  70. 70.

    Tassopoulos (2014), pp. 226–227.

  71. 71.

    Held (2010), p. 184.

  72. 72.

    Backer (2012), pp. 177, 198–199.

  73. 73.

    Forde (1992), pp. 372–393.

  74. 74.

    Krisch (2010), p. 242.

  75. 75.

    Maduro (2012), p. 18 https://www.wzb.eu/sites/default/files/u32/miguel_maduro_three_claims_of_constitutional_pluralism_hu-coll_may_15_2012.pdf.

  76. 76.

    Rawls (1993), pp. 35, 40.

  77. 77.

    Tassopoulos (2014), p. 28.

  78. 78.

    Fiss (1983), pp. 1073, 1085.

  79. 79.

    Tassopoulos (2014), p. 116.

  80. 80.

    Voßkuhle (2010), pp. 175, 178.

  81. 81.

    C-8/15 P Ledra Advertising v Commission and ECB C-105/15 P Judgment (Grand Chamber) of 20 September 2016, par. 58, 59.

  82. 82.

    Somek (2014), pp. 216, 222.

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  1. National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Ioannis A. Tassopoulos

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    Guillaume Tusseau

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Tassopoulos, I.A. (2020). Between Constitutionalism and Legal Pluralism: Perspectives from Greece. In: Tusseau, G. (eds) Debating Legal Pluralism and Constitutionalism. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34432-0_7

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