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Inclusive b Jet Production in Proton-Proton Collisions pp 107–128Cite as

Discovery, Overview and Motivation of Beauty Physics

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Abstract

In the first part of this chapter, the discovery and current knowledge of the properties of the b quark are reviewed. Then the current status and prospects for deepening this knowledge with the LHC experiments are detailed. Finally, tagging techniques and measurements of b quarks as a probe are discussed.

Why is bottom quark physics so interesting? The cynic might argue that the labs are into bottom quark physics because it’s affordable.

—Edward H. Thorndike [1]

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Two legends exist regarding the name of the particle. The first is that “Upsilon” stand for “up\(+\)psi”, in reference to the \(J/\psi \). The other legend is related to the spokesperson and leader of team’s name: the Nobel-prized Leon Lederman. Observing first a resonance at 6\(\,\text {GeV}\) in 1976, the members of the team agreed that its name would be Upsilon if it would be established, or Oops-Leon if it would not. The resonance at 6\(\,\text {GeV}\) turned out to be nothing else than a fluctuation; however, using the same experimental set-up, they found a new resonance at 9\(\,\text {GeV}\): this time a real resonance. They decided to keep the name Upsilon.

  2. 2.

    DOppel-RIng Speicher.

  3. 3.

    Named after the magnet of the detector.

  4. 4.

    Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Rings, situated at the SLAC.

  5. 5.

    One obvious limitation of this potential is that it does not allow the fragmentation of a pair of quarks. However, it successfully allowed to perform spectroscopy and describe lifetime.

  6. 6.

    This appellation has hardly gone beyond the joke “there is no truth in the SM” while physicists were struggling at finding it.

  7. 7.

    Named after the location of the detector.

  8. 8.

    Named Collider Detector at Fermilab.

  9. 9.

    One should maybe also mention an attempt of B factory that failed, B-TeV, because of termination by the U.S. government.

  10. 10.

    French word for beauty.

  11. 11.

    HERA Beauty.

  12. 12.

    Named in reference to the relation of Zeus and Hera in the mythology.

  13. 13.

    HERA-1.

  14. 14.

    Observation conventionally means at least five sigma of significance.

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Connor, P.L.S. (2019). Discovery, Overview and Motivation of Beauty Physics. In: Inclusive b Jet Production in Proton-Proton Collisions. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34383-5_5

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