Abstract
The effect of nanostructured Ohia naturally occurring pozzolan (kaolin clay) on the compressive strength of Umuntu Olokoro lateritic soil was investigated for use as base material improvement of south eastern roads. First, a preliminary exercise was conducted to determine the index, grading and consistency properties of the natural soil. The results show that the Umuntu Olokoro soil was an A-2-7 soil, according to AASHTO classification system and poorly graded (GP) on USCS classification. The soil also recorded a PI of 21.85%, which shows that the soil was highly plastic. The specific gravity of the soil was 2.67, OMC of 13%, Maximum Dry Density of 1.84 gm/cm3, California Bearing Ratio of 14%, Unconfined Compressive Strength of 194.26 kN/m2, 219.11 kN/m2 and 230.77 kN/m2 at 7, 14 and 28 days curing periods with material property of silty clayey sand and stiff material. Furthermore, the pozzolan additive was introduced in proportions of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% by weight and the effect of the varying proportions studied. The results show that the introduction of the pozzolan improved the soil compressive strength, considerable and a maximum of 369.9 kN/m2 was achieved at 9% proportion of pozzolan at 28 days curing time. Having satisfied the material properties for use as a base material (200–400 kN/m2), pozzolan is a very good admixture material in the stabilization of lateritic soils for use as a subbase material for pavement construction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abood, T.T., Kasa, A.B., Chik, Z.B.: Stabilization of silty clay soil using chloride compounds. JEST 2, 102–103 (2007)
Ahmad, K.D., Yaser, K., Ehsan, T.: Synthesis of nano-alumina powder from impure kaolin and its application for arsenite removal from aqueous solution. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 11(1), 19 (2013)
Ali, N., Rafieipour, M.H., Shadi, R.: The effects of CuO nanoparticles on properties of self-compacting concrete with GGBFS as binder. Mat. Res. 14(3), 307–316 (2011)
Anamika, M., Sanjukta, C., Prashant, M.R., Geeta, W.: Evidence based green synthesis of nanoparticles. Adv. Mat. Lett. 3(6), 519–525 (2012)
Anitha, P., Haresh, M.P.: Comprehensive Review of preparation methodologies of nano hydroxyapatite. J. Environ. Nanotechnol. 3(1), 101–121 (2014)
ASTM D2166-65: Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil (2015)
ASTM D7262-09: Standard test methods for laboratory determination of density (2015)
ASTM D1883–99: Standard test method of CBR. American Standard of Testing and MaterialsWashington DC (2003)
ASTM D698–12: Standard test methods for laboratory compaction test for road bases. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D4318–10: Standard test methods for laboratory consistency limits test. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D6913–04: Standard test methods for Particle Size Distribution (Gradation). American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2009)
ASTM D854–14: Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D2166, D2166 M-13: Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D7762–11: Standard practice for design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D2487–11: Standard practice for classification of soils. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM D2488–09: Standard practice for description and identification of soils and classification. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2015)
ASTM C150: Standard practice for ordinary Portland cement specification. American Standard of Testing and Materials, Washington, DC (2013)
Bao, Y., Zhan, L., Wang, C., Wang, Y., Yang, G., Yang, J., Qiao, W., Ling, L.: Synthesis of carbon nanofiber/carbon foam composite for catalyst support in gas phase catalytic reactions. New Carbon Mater. 26(5), 341–346 (2011)
BS 1377–2: Methods of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes. British Standard Institute, London (1990)
BS 5930: The code of practice for site investigation. British Standard Institute, London (2015)
Chang-Jun, L., Uwe, B., Flemming, B., Zhong, L.W.: Preparation and characterization of nanomaterials for sustainable energy production. ACS Nano 4(10), 5517–5526 (2010)
Wu, C.I., Huang, J.W., Wen, Y.L., Wen, S.B., Shen, Y.H., Yeh, M.Y.: Preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles by supercritical carbon dioxide. Mater. Lett. 62, 1923–1926 (2008)
Ershadi, V., Ebadi, T., Rabani, A.R., Ershadi, L., Soltanian, H.: The effect of nanosilica on cement matrix permeability in oil well to decrease the pollution of receptive environment. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 2(2), 128–132 (2011)
Fan, Y., Yongfeng, L.: Synthesis and application of nanocarbon materials using plasma technology. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl. 6(1), 49–52 (2015)
Fwa, T.F.: The Handbook of Highway Engineering. Taylor and Francis, New York (2006)
Gopal, R., Rao, A.S.R.: Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, 2nd edn. New Age Int’l Publishers, New Delhi (2011)
Hall, B.D., Zanchet, D., Ugartec, D.: Estimating nanoparticle size from diffraction measurements. J. Appl. Cryst. 33, 1335–1341 (2000)
Jonathan, Q.A., Sanders, T.G., Chenard, M.: Road dust suppression effect on unpaved road stabilization. JEST, Malaysia 1(21) (2004)
Kalpana, A., Rajesh, K., Himanshu, R., Seema, A., Ratnesh, P., Devinder, S., Yadav, T.P., Srivastava, O.N.: Synthesis of nano-carbon (nanotubes, nanofibres, graphene) materials. Bull. Mater. Sci. 34(4), 607–614 (2009)
Kannan, M.: Preparation and characterization of nano clay-filled polymer blends. Plastics Research Online (2010)
Kavitha, S., Geetha, D., Ramesh, P.S.: Synthesis and characterizations of silver colloid nanoparticles stabilized by dextran. J. Environ. Nanotechnol. 4(1), 50–55 (2015)
Onyelowe, K.C.: Review on the role of solid waste materials in soft soils reengineering. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2(1), 46–51 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2018.10.004
Onyelowe, K.C., Alaneme, G., Igboayaka, C., Orji, F., Ugwuanyi, H., Van Bui, D., Van Nguyen, M.: Scheffe optimization of swelling, California bearing ratio, compressive strength, and durability potentials of quarry dust stabilized soft clay soil. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2(1), 67–77 (2019a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset. Accessed 05 Oct 2018
Onyelowe, K.C., Bui Van, D., Igboayaka, C., Orji, F., Ugwuanyi, H.: Rheology of mechanical properties of soft soil and stabilization protocols in the developing countries-Nigeria. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2(1), 8–14 (2019b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2018.10.001
Laila, R., James, B., Rouhollah, A., Jon, M., Taijiro, S.: Review of cement and concrete nanoscience and nanotechnology. Mater. 3, 918–942 (2010)
Masaki, O., Eiji, Ō.: Carbon blacks as the source materials for carbon nanotechnology. Carbon Nanotechnol. 6, 127–151 (2006)
Nigeria General Specification/Federal Ministry of Works and Housing. Testing for the selection of soil for roads and bridges, vol. II (1997)
Norazlan, K., Mohd, F., Arshao, M.M., Kamaruzzaman, M., Faizah, K.: The properties of Nano-Kaolin mixed with Kaolin. Electron. J. Geotechnol. Eng. 19, 4247–4255 (2014)
Onyelowe, K.C.: Crushed solid wastes based geopolymer cements and Nano-Geomaterials and the rheology of treated soils for pavement construction. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 23(4), 797–808 (2018). http://www.ejge.com/2018/Ppr2018.0106ma.pdf
Onyelowe, K.C., Van Bui, D., Van Nguyen, M., Ugwuanyi, H.: Effect of ceramic waste derivatives on the volume change behavior of soft soils for moisture bound transport geotechnics. Oklahoma State Univ. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 23(04), 821–834 (2018). http://www.ejge.com/2018/Ppr2018.0108ma.pdf
Osinubi, K.J, Bafyau, V., Eberemu, A.O.: Bagasse ash stabilization of lateritic soil. Springer Link Sciences and Business Media, pp. 271–280 (2009)
Reenu, J., Nair, H.G., Isac, J.: Structural and morphological studies of nano-crystalline ceramic BaSr0.9Fe0.1TiO4. Int. Lett. Chem. Phy. Astr. 41, 100–117 (2014)
Satish, B., Mohsen, A., Sowmya, N., Venkateswara, R.K., Shilpa, C.C.: Extensive studies on X- Ray diffraction of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Adv. Nanoparticles 4(1), 1–10 (2015)
Taha, M.R.: Geotechnical properties of soil-ball milled soil mixture. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction, pp. 377–382. Springer (2009)
Xiao, Y., Cai, Z., Wang, Z.L., Lai, B., Chu, Y.S.: An X-ray nano diffraction technique for structural characterization of individual nanomaterials. J. Synchrotron Rad. 12, 124–128 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this article.
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Onyelowe, K.C. et al. (2020). Cemented Lateritic Soil as Base Material Improvement Using Compression. In: Tatsouka, F., Guler, E., Shehata, H., Giroud, J. (eds) Innovative Infrastructure Solutions using Geosynthetics. GeoMEast 2019. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34242-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34242-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34241-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34242-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)