Abstract
In emerging economies, economic growth and rapid population migration into urban areas and cities has led to challenges such as land occupation, environmental pollution, and increasing amounts of household solid waste often with little opportunity to ameliorate the negative effects. The lack of access to waste services affects 3 billion people across the world. This research uses Brazil as a case study of a reverse logistics model to create alternative food networks in semi-urban areas to reduce the environmental and social impact of food waste. Combining informal and formal municipal solid waste management networks has great merit to provide an economic return at local government and organisational level, and improve working conditions and nutrient security of some of the poorest and most vulnerable communities in the world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Altieri, M. A., Companioni, N., Cañizares, K., Murphy, C., Rosset, P., Bourque, M., et al. (1999). The greening of the “barrios”: Urban agriculture for food security in Cuba. Agriculture and Human Values, 16(2), 131–140.
Aparcana, S. (2017). Approaches to formalization of the informal waste sector into municipal solid waste management systems in low-and middle-income countries: Review of barriers and success factors. Waste Management, 61, 593–607.
Bonifácio, V. (2017, July). Empresa compra óleo de cozinha usado para exportar. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.diariodigital.com.br/geral/empresa-da-capital-compra-oleo-de-cozinha-para-exportar/160270/
Companioni, N. (1996). El Huerto Intensivo en la Agricultura Urbana de Cuba. In Seminario Taller Regional “La Agricultura Urbana y el Desarrollo Rural Sostenible” (pp. 39–48). FIDA-CIARA-MINGAG.
da Silva César, A., Werderits, D. E., de Oliveira Saraiva, G. L., & da Silva Guabiroba, R. C. (2017). The potential of waste cooking oil as supply for the Brazilian biodiesel chain. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 246–253.
da Silva Guabiroba, R. C., da Silva, R. M., da Silva César, A., & da Silva, M. A. V. (2017). Value chain analysis of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production: Study case of one oil collection company in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 3928–3937.
DEFRA. (2001). Guidance note for the Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) (England) Regulations 2001. [on-line]. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69255/pb5765-oil-storage-011101.pdf
DEFRA. (2011). Supplying and using animal by-products as farm animal feed. [on-line]. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/guidance/supplying-and-using-animal-by-products-as-farm-animal-feed#abps-you-cant-use
DiGregorio, M. (1994). Urban Harvest: Recycling as a Peasant Industry in Northern Vietnam. Hawaii, East–West Center. pp. 1–12.
DiGregorio, M. (1997). City and countryside in the Red River Delta: Notes on Hanoi’s recycling industry (pp. 2–17). Hawaii: East–West Center.
DMLU. (2018). Suinocultura. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/dmlu/default.php?p_secao=115
Dou, Z., Toth, J. D., & Westendorf, M. L. (2017). Food waste for livestock feeding: Feasibility, safety, and sustainability implications. Global Food Security, 17, 154–161.
Eigenheer, E. M. (2009). Lixo, limpeza urbana atraves dos tempos. Pallotti. [on-line]. Retrieved from www.lixoeeducacao.uerj.br/images/pdf/ahistoriadolixo.pdf
Eikenberry, N., & Smith, C. (2005). Attitudes, beliefs, and prevalence of dumpster diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern, low-income, urban dwellers. Agriculture and Human Values, 22(2), 187–202.
Ezeah, C., Fazakerley, J. A., & Roberts, C. L. (2013). Emerging trends in informal sector recycling in developing and transition countries. Waste Management, 33(11), 2509–2519.
Feitosa, L. (2014). Coleta de óleo para reciclagem ainda se resume ações isoladas. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.campograndenews.com.br/meio-ambiente/coleta-de-oleo-para-reciclagem-ainda-se-resume-a-acoes-isoladas
Fergutz, O., Dias, S., & Mitlin, D. (2011). Developing urban waste management in Brazil with waste picker organizations. Environment and Urbanization, 23(2), 597–608.
Global Public Policy Network. (2017). Reducing food waste in Brazil: A Brazilian-Italian Legislative cooperation initiative.
GTZ. (2010). The waste experts: Enabling conditions for informal sector integration in solid waste management – Lessons learned from Brazil, Egypt and India. [on-line]. Retrieved from www.giz.de/en/downloads/gtz2010-waste-experts-conditions-is integration.pdf
Hartmann, C. (2018). Waste picker livelihoods and inclusive neoliberal municipal solid waste management policies: The case of the La Chureca garbage dump site in Managua, Nicaragua. Waste Management, 71, 565–577.
Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a Waste: A global review of Solid Waste Management. Urban development series knowledge papers. March 2012. No 15. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Jarosz, L. (2008). The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(3), 231–244.
Juffo, E. L. D. (2013). Residuos solidos organicos: da geracao em estabelecimentod de producao de alimentos em um shopping a destinacao final na alimentaçao de suinos. MSc dissertation. PPGVet. UFRGS. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/72041
JusBrasil. (2010). Política Nacional de Residuos Solidos – Lei 12305/10. [on-line]. Retrieved from https://presrepublica.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/1024358/politica-nacional-de-residuos-solidos-lei-12305-10 (Lei n° 12.305 – clique para ver).
Katu Oil. (2018). Reciclagem. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.katuoil.com.br/
Leme, M. M. V., Rocha, M. H., Lora, E. E. S., Venturini, O. J., Lopes, B. M., & Ferreira, C. H. (2014). Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Brazil. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 87, 8–20.
Masood, M., & Barlow, C. Y. (2013). Framework for integration of informal waste management sector with the formal sector in Pakistan. Waste Management & Research, 31(10_suppl), 93–105.
Maye, D., & Kirwan, J. (2010). Alternative food networks. Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 20, 383–389.
Medina, M. (2000). Scavenger cooperatives in Asia and Latin America. Resources Conservation Recycling, 31, 51–89.
Miewald, C., & McCann, E. (2014). Foodscapes and the geographies of poverty: Sustenance, strategy, and politics in an urban neighborhood. Antipode, 46(2), 537–556.
Mitchell, C. L. (2008). Altered landscapes, altered livelihoods: The shifting experience of informal waste collecting during Hanoi’s urban transition. Geoforum, 39(6), 2019–2029.
Mourad, M. (2016). Recycling, recovering and preventing “food waste”: Competing solutions for food systems sustainability in the United States and France. Journal of Cleaner Production, 126, 461–477.
Nandy, B., Sharma, G., Garg, S., Kumari, S., George, T., Sunanda, Y., et al. (2015). Recovery of consumer waste in India – A mass flow analysis for paper, plastic and glass and the contribution of households and the informal sector. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 101, 167–181.
Navarrete-Hernandez, P., & Navarrete-Hernandez, N. (2018). Unleashing Waste-Pickers’ Potential: Supporting Recycling Cooperatives in Santiago de Chile. World Development, 101, 293–310.
Nguyen, H. P., Chen, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2014). Reverse stigma in the Freegan community. Journal of Business Research, 67(9), 1877–1884.
Nzeadibe, T. C., & Anyadike, R. N. (2012). Social participation in city governance and urban livelihoods: Constraints to the informal recycling economy in Aba, Nigeria. City, Culture and Society, 3(4), 313–325.
OIE. (2011). Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Chapter 8.5 Foot and Mouth Disease. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.oie.int/eng/A_FMD2012/docs/en_chapitre_1.8.5.pdf
Oliveira, L. B., & Rosa, L. P. (2003). Brazilian waste potential: Energy, environmental, social and economic benefits. Energy Policy, 31(14), 1481–1491.
Paul, J. G., Arce-Jaque, J., Ravena, N., & Villamor, S. P. (2012). Integration of the informal sector into municipal solid waste management in the Philippines – What does it need? Waste Management, 32(11), 2018–2028.
Paül, V., & McKenzie, F. H. (2013). Peri-urban farmland conservation and development of alternative food networks: Insights from a case-study area in metropolitan Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Land Use Policy, 30(1), 94–105.
Rombach, M., & Bitsch, V. (2015). Food movements in Germany: Slow food, food sharing, and dumpster diving. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 18(3), 1.
Ruiz, M. S., Oliveira, R. B. D., Struffaldi, A., Gabriel, M. L. D. D. S., & Bocatto, E. (2017). Cooking oil waste recycling experiences worldwide: A preliminary analysis of the emerging networks in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil. International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, 13(3), 189–206.
Rutkowski, J. E., & Rutkowski, E. W. (2015). Expanding worldwide urban solid waste recycling: The Brazilian social technology in waste pickers inclusion. Waste Management & Research, 33(12), 1084–1093.
Salemdeeb, R., Zu Ermgassen, E. K., Kim, M. H., Balmford, A., & Al-Tabbaa, A. (2017). Environmental and health impacts of using food waste as animal feed: A comparative analysis of food waste management options. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 871–880.
Samson, M. (2009). Refusing to be cast aside: Waste pickers organising around the world. Cambridge, MA: Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO).
Sandhu, K., Burton, P., & Dedekorkut-Howes, A. (2017). Between hype and veracity; privatization of municipal solid waste management and its impacts on the informal waste sector. Waste Management, 59, 545–556.
Sasaki, S., Araki, T., Tambunan, A. H., & Prasadja, H. (2014). Household income, living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar Gebang: Toward integrated waste management in Indonesia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 89, 11–21.
Sembiring, E., & Nitivattananon, V. (2010). Sustainable solid waste management toward an inclusive society: Integration of the informal sector. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(11), 802–809.
Suthar, S., Rayal, P., & Ahada, C. P. (2016). Role of different stakeholders in trading of reusable/recyclable urban solid waste materials: A case study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, 104–115.
Thomas, A. (2013). Soluçao conjunta para reaproveitamento de residuos organicos na alimentaçao de suinos. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Retrieved from http://www.hospitaissaudaveis.org/arquivos/SHS%202013_Ana%20Lucia%20Thomas1.pdf
Uddin, S. M. N., & Gutberlet, J. (2018). Livelihoods and health status of informal recyclers in Mongolia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 134, 1–9.
Waissman, M. (2002). Estudo da viabilidade economica do reaproveitamento de residuos organicos via suinocultura. MSc Dissertation. PPGA UFRGS. [on-line]. Retrieved from http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/6908
Whatmore, S., Stassart, P., & Renting, H. (2003). What’s alternative about alternative food networks? Environment and Planning A, 2003(35), 389–391.
Wilson, D., Velis, C., & Cheeseman, C. (2006). Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries. Habitat International, 30(4), 797–808.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Aguiar, L.K., Manning, L. (2020). The Role of Informal and Semi-Formal Waste Recycling Activities in a Reverse Logistics Model of Alternative Food Networks. In: Aktas, E., Bourlakis, M. (eds) Food Supply Chains in Cities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34065-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34065-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34064-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34065-0
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)