Abstract
Paul Singer (1932–2018) was most of his life a direct part of the twentieth-century social movements and those at the beginning of the twenty-first century. He is one of the most renowned and respected democratic left-wing activists of his time in Brazil. Paul Singer was born in Vienna (Austria) in a Jewish family, and he went to Brazil at 8 years old in 1940, escaping from the Nazis. He started his political education when he was a young boy. By the end of Getulio Vargas’ dictatorship in 1945, the Brazilian Communist Party was legally registered and attracting a large part of the country’s left-wing activists. Singer discovers that many of his friends are communists, but he decides to join the socialists, opposing the Stalinists. At the age of 15, he discovers a text from Rosa Luxemburg on the Russian Revolution (Luxemburg 2008). From then on, Rosa Luxemburg becomes a frequent reference for Singer’s activism and intellectual reflections, making him one of the first “Luxemburgists” in the country.
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Notes
- 1.
Campello, T., et al. (2015). “Brazil Without Extreme Poverty”.
- 2.
Ferrarini, A., L. GAIGER, and M. Veronese, Solidarity Economy Enterprises In Brazil: an overview from the second national mapping. The International Comparative Social Enterprise Models–ICSEM Project, 2013.
- 3.
What Is Socialism Today—author’s free translation.
- 4.
Singer, Paul. (1980). O Que. é Socialismo, Hoje. Rio de Janeiro, Vozes.
- 5.
A Militant Utopia—author’s free translation.
- 6.
Singer, Paul. (1997). Uma Utopia Militante. Repensando o socialismo. Petrópolis: Vozes.
- 7.
Socialist Economy—author’s free translation.
- 8.
Singer, Paul. (2000). Economia Socialista. Fundação Perseu Abramo. São Paulo.
- 9.
Singer, Paul. (1980). O Que. é Socialismo, Hoje. Rio de Janeiro, Vozes. p.19.
- 10.
Ibid. p.29.
- 11.
Loureiro, I. (org.), Socialismo o barbárie: Rosa Luxemburgo no Brasil. 2008: Instituto Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
- 12.
Singer, Paul. (1997). Uma Utopia Militante. Repensando o socialismo. Petrópolis: Vozes. p. 9. Author’s translation.
- 13.
Ibid. p.10. Author’s translation.
- 14.
Arantes, Paulo (2000). “Paulo Arantes” in: NOBRE, M. & REGO, J.M. (2000) Conversas com filósofos brasileiros. Editora 34. São Paulo. Author’s translation.
- 15.
Singer, Paul. (1997). Uma Utopia Militante. Repensando o socialismo. Petrópolis: Vozes. p.11. Author’s free translation.
- 16.
Ibid. p.19. Author’s translation.
- 17.
Ibid. p.19. Author’s translation.
- 18.
Ibid. p.10. Author’s translation.
- 19.
Author’s free translation.
- 20.
Singer, Paul. (2000). Economia Socialista. Fundação Perseu Abramo. São Paulo. p. 15. Author’s translation.
- 21.
Ibid. p. 22. Author’s translation.
- 22.
Ibid. p. 38/39. Author’s translation.
- 23.
Ibid. p.44. Author’s translation.
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Sanchez, F., Kleiman, F. (2020). Tribute to Paul Singer (1932–2018): A Socialist Activist. In: Brundenius, C. (eds) Reflections on Socialism in the Twenty-First Century. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33920-3_7
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