Skip to main content

Choose Your Permanent Adventure: Towards a Framework for Irreversible Storygames

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 11869))

Abstract

The majority of interactive narrative games allow the player to save their progress as the game unfolds. These save game options are either automatically enforced or manual. However, there is an increasing trend for interactive narrative games to be ‘irreversible’. In such cases, this makes it difficult for the player to load or access previous save games. As a result, the player’s sense of agency changes within the game, as the stakes and consequences of their story decisions are more difficult to reverse, and thus take on a feeling of permanence. Through close readings of The Walking Dead: Season One, Sorcery! and Undertale, this paper aims to provide an initial framework for irreversible storygames by (i) defining the different types of irreversibility by analyzing three games in which the form of irreversibility differs, and (ii) exploring subjective factors of the user experience that may be impacted by the different types of irreversibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adams, E.W.: Fundamentals of Game Design. New Riders Games (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Murray, J.H.: Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. The MIT Press (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Reed, A.: Changeful Tales: Design-Driven Approaches Toward More Expressive Storygames (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Calinescu, M.: Rereading. Yale University Press (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mitchell, A., McGee, K.: Reading again for the first time: a model of rereading in interactive stories. In: Oyarzun, D., Peinado, F., Young, R.M., Elizalde, A., Méndez, G. (eds.) ICIDS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7648, pp. 202–213. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Selig, R.L.: The endless reading of fiction: stuart Moulthrop’s hypertext novel “victory garden”. Contemp. Lit. 41, 642–660 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Peacock, A.: Towards an aesthetic of ‘the interactive’. Digit. Creat. 12, 237–246 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Murray, J.: From game-story to cyberdrama. In: Wardrip-Fruin, N., Harrigan, P. (eds.) First person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game, pp. 2–11. The MIT Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Murray, J.H.: Why Paris needs hector and lancelot needs mordred: using traditional narrative roles and functions for dramatic compression in interactive narrative. In: Si, M., Thue, D., André, E., Lester, J.C., Tanenbaum, T.J., Zammitto, V. (eds.) ICIDS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7069, pp. 13–24. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25289-1_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Ryan, M.-L.: The interactive onion: layers of user participation in digital narrative texts. In: Page, R.E., Thomas, B. (eds.) New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age, pp. 35–62. Lincoln, Bison (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Douglas, J.Y.: The End of Books - or Books Without End? Reading Interactive Narratives. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kleinman, E., Carstensdottir, E., El-Nasr, M.S.: Going forward by going back: re-defining rewind mechanics in narrative games. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 32:1–32:6. ACM, New York (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bizzocchi, J., Tanenbaum, T.J.: Well read: applying close reading techniques to gameplay experiences. In: Davidson, D. (ed.) Well Played 3.0, pp. 262–290. ETC Press (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Telltale Games: The Walking Dead: Season 1 (Computer Game) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Inkle: Sorcery! (Computer Game series)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fox, T.: Undertale (Computer Game) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Inkle: Sorcery! Part 4: The Crown of Kings (Computer Game) (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tanenbaum, T.J.: Believability, adaptivity, and performativity: three lenses for the analysis of interactive storytelling (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dahpie: Selling your……is a PERMENANT DECISION. Spoilers. https://steamcommunity.com/app/391540/discussions/0/523897653304070081/

  20. Bethesda Softworks: Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (Computer Game) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Roak12: How many save files do you all have? Is there a limit? https://www.reddit.com/r/skyrimmods/comments/46uga9/how_many_save_files_do_you_all_have_is_there_a/

  22. Murray, J.H.: Research into interactive digital narrative: a kaleidoscopic view. In: International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 3–17 (2018)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Breznican, A.: Spielberg, Zemeckis say video games, film could become one (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Aarseth, E.J.: Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. The Johns Hopkins University Press (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mateas, M.: A preliminary poetics for interactive drama and games. Digit. Creat. 12, 140–152 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is funded in part under the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 grant FY2018-FRC2-003, “Understanding Repeat Engagement with Dynamically Changing Computational Media”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alex Mitchell .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tan, K., Mitchell, A. (2019). Choose Your Permanent Adventure: Towards a Framework for Irreversible Storygames. In: Cardona-Rivera, R., Sullivan, A., Young, R. (eds) Interactive Storytelling. ICIDS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11869. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33894-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33894-7_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33893-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33894-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics