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The End of the Escudo Monetary Zone Fund in 1980. The Continuation of Co-operation

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The Portuguese Escudo Monetary Zone

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Abstract

There were proposals to extinguish the Escudo Monetary Zone Fund in the period following the independence of the ex-colonies, but the three issuing banks of the system required their capital in the Fund. Only in May 1980 was it possible to clear the balances of the Foreign Exchange Management Funds of the ex-colonies regarding their debts to the Escudo Monetary Zone Fund in a multilateral way, thanks to a decision to re-evaluate the gold reserves of the Banco de Portugal. Cooperation with the ex-colonies continued after the extinction of the Fund, especially because they abandoned socialist political blueprints when communist political regimes failed in the late 1980s. This was the opportunity for market operations in these African regions to give place to capitalism and global institutions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    FMZE, Correspondência Recebida, Depósitos, 1975–7. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo, Secretariado e Expediente. Correspondência recebida. 1975–1976. FMEZE/SE/002.

  2. 2.

    Explanations contained in the letter of 17 July 1974, from the vice-Governor of Banco de Portugal, Jacinto Nunes, to the Governor of Moçambique, which were also distributed to the media (press and television). Moçambique, Arquivo Especial do Cofre n° 2, Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Gabinete do Governador e dos Conselhos. Arquivo Especial do Cofre n° 2.

  3. 3.

    Discussion document 16.5.77 Saneamento Financeiro do Banco de Angola . Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Departamento de Operações de Crédito. Descolonisação. IARN. Pagamentos atrazados de Angola de Moçambique. 1975–1976.

  4. 4.

    Letter nr. 2730/EG, of 29 March 1977 to the Minister of Finance, Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo. Direção. Processo de Liquidação. FMZE/Dir/004.

  5. 5.

    Ofício nr. 6372/EG, of 20 May 1980. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo. Direção. Processo de Liquidação. FMZE/Dir/004.

  6. 6.

    Decree-law nr. 317/80 of 20 August 1980.

  7. 7.

    According to article 2.a) of Decree-Law nr. 107/80, of 10 May 1980.

  8. 8.

    Ofício nr. 11509/EG, of 17 September 1980. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo. Direção. Processo de Liquidação. FMZE/Dir/004.

  9. 9.

    Of which 78,016,183$75 and 15,603,236$75 escudos were applied for each of them to redeem the debentures of the participation in the capital of the EMZ Fund, respectively.

  10. 10.

    Lançamentos relativos à liquidação do Fundo Monetário d Zona do Escudo, Processo de Liquidação do Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo, Anexo 1. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Fundo Monetário da Zona do Escudo. Direção. Processo de Liquidação. FMZE/Dir/004.

  11. 11.

    Pinheiro et al. 1997, vol. I, p. 185.

  12. 12.

    “Contencioso” nr. 103, 7 May 1975. Portugal. Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Departamento de Serviços Jurídicos. Espaço Económico Português. Pasta n° 16.

  13. 13.

    For constant prices of 1990, for example, using the GDP deflator published by Banco de Portugal, Boletim Trimestral, 14, 4, 1992. See also Barreto 1996, pp. 113–121.

  14. 14.

    Departamento de Transacções Correntes, n° 25, 29/1/85. Portugal, Arquivo Arquivo Histórico do Banco de Portugal. Departamento de Relações Internacionais. Linhas de Crédito a favor da Guiné-Bissau, Histórico 1978–1987. [Documentação não tratada].

  15. 15.

    As Ratilal 2012, explains.

  16. 16.

    Krozewski 2015, p. 231.

  17. 17.

    Pateguana 2016, p. 34.

  18. 18.

    Azevedo 2015, p. 24.

  19. 19.

    Verhoef 2017, p. 15.

  20. 20.

    Banco de Portugal, Lusofonia, annually published, October 2015, pp. 1, 3.

  21. 21.

    P. 56.

  22. 22.

    Banco de Portugal 2015, p. 21.

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Mata, M.E. (2020). The End of the Escudo Monetary Zone Fund in 1980. The Continuation of Co-operation. In: The Portuguese Escudo Monetary Zone. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33857-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33857-2_10

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