Abstract
This work presents a geometrically exact Bernoulli–Euler rod model. In contrast to Pimenta (1993b), Pimenta and Yojo (1993), Pimenta (1996), Pimenta and Campello (2001), where the hypothesis considered was Timoshenko’s, this approach is based on the Bernoulli–Euler theory for rods, so that transversal shear deformation is not accounted for. Energetically conjugated cross-sectional stresses and strains are defined. The fact that both the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor and the deformation gradient appear again as primary variables is also appealing. A straight reference configuration is assumed for the rod, but, in the same way, as in Pimenta (1996), Pimenta and Campello (2009), initially curved rods can be accomplished, if one regards the initial configuration as a stress-free deformed state from the straight position. Consequently, the use of convective non-Cartesian coordinate systems is not necessary, and only components on orthogonal frames are employed. A cross section is considered to undergo a rigid body motion and parameterization of the rotation field is done by the rotation tensor with the Rodrigues formula that makes the updating of the rotational variables very simple. This parametrization can be seen in Pimenta et al. (2008), Campello et al. (2011). A simple formula for the incremental Rodrigues parameters in function of the displacements derivative and the torsion angle is also settled down. A 2-node finite element with Cubic Hermitian interpolation for the displacements, together with a linear approximation for the torsion angle, is displayed within the usual Finite Element Method, leading to adequate \(C_{1}\) continuity.
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Acknowledgements
The author P. M. Pimenta acknowledges the support by CNPq under the grant 308142/2018-7 as well as expresses his acknowledgement to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the Georg Forster Award that made possible his stays at the Universities of Duisburg-Essen and Hannover in Germany in the quadrennium 2015–2018 as well as to the French and Brazilian Governments for the Chair CAPES-Sorbonne that made possible his stay at “Sorbonne Universités” during the year of 2016 on a leave from the University of São Paulo. The third author gratefully acknowledges the Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of São Paulo for financial support. The second and fourth authors gratefully acknowledge support by the Mercator Research Centre Ruhr in the Project “Mikromechanische Modellierung der Materialumformung zur Vorhersage der anisotropen Verfestigung” (Pr-2015-0049).
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de Mattos Pimenta, P., Maassen, S., da Costa e Silva, C., Schröder, J. (2020). A Fully Nonlinear Beam Model of Bernoulli–Euler Type. In: Schröder, J., de Mattos Pimenta, P. (eds) Novel Finite Element Technologies for Solids and Structures. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 597. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33520-5_5
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