Skip to main content

Weakly Supervised Learning Technique for Solving Partial Differential Equations; Case Study of 1-D Reaction-Diffusion Equation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
High-Performance Computing and Big Data Analysis (TopHPC 2019)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 891))

Abstract

Deep learning as a valuable intelligence tool to deal with complicated problems plays a crucial role in the 21st century. The utility of deep learning in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is an interesting application of AI, which has been considered in recent years. However, supervision of learning procedure needs to have considerable labeled data to train the network, and this method could not be a beneficial technique to deal with unknown PDEs which we do not have any labeled data. To tackle this issue, in this paper a new method will be presented to solve PDEs only by using boundary and initial condition. Weakly supervision as an efficient method can provide an ideal bed to tackle boundary and initial value problems. To have better judgment about this method we chose Reaction-Diffusion equation as a versatile equation in engineering and science to be solved as a case study. By using the weakly supervised method and the finite difference method reaction-diffusion equation have solved, and the results of these methods have been compared. It has been shown that the results of deep learning have high consistency with finite difference results, and weakly supervised learning can be introduced as an efficient method to solve different types of differential equations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bai, Y., Guo, L., Jin, L., Huang, Q.: A novel feature extraction method using pyramid histogram of orientation gradients for smile recognition. In: 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3305–3308. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bell, S.: Project-based learning for the 21st century: skills for the future. Clearing House 83(2), 39–43 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chorin, A.J.: Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Math. Comput. 22(104), 745–762 (1968)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Ciompi, F., et al.: Automatic classification of pulmonary peri-fissural nodules in computed tomography using an ensemble of 2D views and a convolutional neural network out-of-the-box. Med. Image Anal. 26(1), 195–202 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Feit, M., Fleck Jr., J., Steiger, A.: Solution of the Schrödinger equation by a spectral method. J. Comput. Phys. 47(3), 412–433 (1982)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Gospodinov, P.N., Kazandjiev, R.F., Partalin, T.A., Mironova, M.K.: Diffusion of sulfate ions into cement stone regarding simultaneous chemical reactions and resulting effects. Cem. Concr. Res. 29(10), 1591–1596 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Guo, X., Yan, W., Cui, R.: Integral reinforcement learning-based adaptive NN control for continuous-time nonlinear MIMO systems with unknown control directions. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.: Syst. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2019.2897221

  8. Han, J., Jentzen, A., Weinan, E.: Solving high-dimensional partial differential equations using deep learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115(34), 8505–8510 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Kramers, H.A.: Brownian motion in a field of force and the diffusion model of chemical reactions. Physica 7(4), 284–304 (1940)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., Hinton, G.: Deep learning. Nature 521(7553), 436 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu, P., Gan, J., Chakrabarty, R.K.: Variational autoencoding the Lagrangian trajectories of particles in a combustion system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.11896 (2018)

  12. Majda, A.J., Souganidis, P.E.: Large scale front dynamics for turbulent reaction-diffusion equations with separated velocity scales. Nonlinearity 7(1), 1 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Mattheij, R.M., Rienstra, S.W., ten Thije Boonkkamp, J.H.: Partial Differential Equations: Modeling, Analysis, Computation, vol. 10. SIAM, Philadelphia (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Medlock, B., Briscoe, T.: Weakly supervised learning for hedge classification in scientific literature. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, pp. 992–999 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J.G., Mitchell, T.M.: Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Mohan, A.T., Gaitonde, D.V.: A deep learning based approach to reduced order modeling for turbulent flow control using LSTM neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.09269 (2018)

  17. Morton, K.W., Mayers, D.F.: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Oquab, M., Bottou, L., Laptev, I., Sivic, J.: Is object localization for free?-weakly-supervised learning with convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 685–694 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T.: U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Navab, N., Hornegger, J., Wells, W.M., Frangi, A.F. (eds.) MICCAI 2015. LNCS, vol. 9351, pp. 234–241. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Sarkar, S., Mahadevan, S., Meeussen, J., Van der Sloot, H., Kosson, D.: Numerical simulation of cementitious materials degradation under external sulfate attack. Cem. Concr. Compos. 32(3), 241–252 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sharma, R., Farimani, A.B., Gomes, J., Eastman, P., Pande, V.: Weakly-supervised deep learning of heat transport via physics informed loss. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.11374 (2018)

  22. Singh, C.: Student understanding of symmetry and Gauss’s law of electricity. Am. J. Phys. 74(10), 923–936 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sirignano, J., Spiliopoulos, K.: DGM: a deep learning algorithm for solving partial differential equations. J. Comput. Phys. 375, 1339–1364 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Sommer, R., Paxson, V.: Outside the closed world: on using machine learning for network intrusion detection. In: 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 305–316. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tajbakhsh, N., et al.: Convolutional neural networks for medical image analysis: full training or fine tuning? IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35(5), 1299–1312 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tang, L.H., Tian, G.S.: Reaction-diffusion-branching models of stock price fluctuations. Phys. A 264(3–4), 543–550 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Tixier, R., Mobasher, B.: Modeling of damage in cement-based materials subjected to external sulfate attack. I: formulation. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 15(4), 305–313 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Weinan, E., Han, J., Jentzen, A.: Deep learning-based numerical methods for high-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations and backward stochastic differential equations. Commun. Math. Stat. 5(4), 349–380 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Wu, J.L., Xiao, H., Paterson, E.: Physics-informed machine learning approach for augmenting turbulence models: a comprehensive framework. Phys. Rev. Fluids 3(7), 074602 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhou, Z.H.: A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning. Natl. Sci. Rev. 5(1), 44–53 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zuo, X.B., Sun, W., Yu, C.: Numerical investigation on expansive volume strain in concrete subjected to sulfate attack. Constr. Build. Mater. 36, 404–410 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Behzad Zakeri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zakeri, B., Monsefi, A.K., Samsam, S., Monsefi, B.K. (2019). Weakly Supervised Learning Technique for Solving Partial Differential Equations; Case Study of 1-D Reaction-Diffusion Equation. In: Grandinetti, L., Mirtaheri, S., Shahbazian, R. (eds) High-Performance Computing and Big Data Analysis. TopHPC 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 891. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33494-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33495-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics