Abstract
Data Series are one of the major types of data producing in different domains. Performing data analysis on this domain currently have two obstacles. The big volume of data and also the large dimensionality and unequal size. In this research we have employed two famous methods from NLP algorithms named Word2Vec and Doc2Vec to represent and compress data series at the same time. These two approaches are based on Feed Forward Neural Networks. We have used a private bank dataset with more than 11 million transactions and converted it to data series. Then we employed two representation methods to convert each time series to a fix size [1 × 100] vector. The first approach ignores the order in data series and gains more than 96% compression ratio (30:1). The second method preserves order of data to some extent and gets about 24% compression ratio (1.35:1). The other advantage of proposed method is the fix size vector representation which makes the comparison of two data series with different length easily possible. The k-means clustering algorithm is performed on Bank Customer Data Series to show a usage of proposed data series representation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Word2Vec Data Series Representation.
- 2.
Doc2Vec Data Series Representation.
- 3.
There is another version of Word2Vec in which the input is just w(t) and the goal is to predict n surrounding words. That version is called Skipped Gram.
- 4.
We do not take into account non-financial transaction.
- 5.
In elbow method the k-means clustering is done on different k values, when the average of minimum distance error seize to reduce as the amount of k increases the optimum value of k is obtained.
References
Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)
Le, Q., Mikolov, T.: Distributed representations of sentences and documents. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1188–1196 (2014)
Aghabozorgi, S., Shirkhorshidi, A.S., Wah, T.Y.: Time-series clustering–A decade review. Inf. Syst. 53, 16–38 (2015)
Lin, J., Keogh, E., Lonardi, S., Chiu, B.: A symbolic representation of time series, with implications for streaming algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 2–11. ACM (2003)
Wilson, S.J.: Data representation for time series data mining: time domain approaches. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput. Stat. 9(1), e1392 (2017)
Wang, X., Mueen, A., Ding, H., Trajcevski, G., Scheuermann, P., Keogh, E.: Experimental comparison of representation methods and distance measures for time series data. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 26(2), 275–309 (2013)
Keogh, E.J., Pazzani, M.J.: An enhanced representation of time series which allows fast and accurate classification, clustering and relevance feedback. In: Kdd, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 239–243 (1998)
Chan, K.P., Fu, W.C.: Efficient time series matching by wavelets. In: ICDE, p. 126. IEEE (1999)
Bingham, E., Mannila, H.: Random projection in dimensionality reduction: applications to image and text data. In: Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 245–250. ACM (2001)
Faloutsos, C., Ranganathan, M., Manolopoulos, Y.: Fast subsequence matching in time-series, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 419–429. ACM (1994)
Ratanamahatana, C.A., Keogh, E.: Multimedia retrieval using time series representation and relevance feedback. In: Fox, E.A., Neuhold, E.J., Premsmit, P., Wuwongse, V. (eds.) ICADL 2005. LNCS, vol. 3815, pp. 400–405. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11599517_48
Ratanamahatana, C., Keogh, E., Bagnall, Anthony J., Lonardi, S.: A novel bit level time series representation with implication of similarity search and clustering. In: Ho, T.B., Cheung, D., Liu, H. (eds.) PAKDD 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3518, pp. 771–777. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11430919_90
Izakian, H., Pedrycz, W., Jamal, I.: Fuzzy clustering of time series data using dynamic time warping distance. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 39, 235–244 (2015)
Truong, C.D., Anh, D.T.: A novel clustering-based method for time series motif discovery under time warping measure. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 4(2), 113–126 (2017)
Chu, S., Keogh, E., Hart, D., Pazzani, M.: Iterative deepening dynamic time warping for time series. In: Proceedings of the 2002 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 195–212. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2002)
Seto, S., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y.: Multivariate time series classification using dynamic time warping template selection for human activity recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.06747 (2015)
Ozkan, I., Turksen, I.B.: Fuzzy longest common subsequence matching with FCM using R. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.03671 (2015)
Chen, L., Ng, R.: On the marriage of lp-norms and edit distance. In: Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, vol. 30, pp. 792–803. VLDB Endowment (2004)
Chen, L., Özsu, M.T., Oria, V.: Robust and fast similarity search for moving object trajectories. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 491–502. ACM (2005)
Möller-Levet, C.S., Klawonn, F., Cho, K.-H., Wolkenhauer, O.: Fuzzy clustering of short time-series and unevenly distributed sampling points. In: R. Berthold, M., Lenz, H.-J., Bradley, E., Kruse, R., Borgelt, C. (eds.) IDA 2003. LNCS, vol. 2810, pp. 330–340. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45231-7_31
Latecki, L.J., Megalooikonomou, V., Wang, Q., Lakaemper, R., Ratanamahatana, C.A., Keogh, E.: Elastic partial matching of time series. In: Jorge, A.M., Torgo, L., Brazdil, P., Camacho, R., Gama, J. (eds.) PKDD 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3721, pp. 577–584. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11564126_60
Yi, B.K., Faloutsos, C.: Fast time sequence indexing for arbitrary Lp norms. In: VLDB, vol. 385, no. 394, p. 99 (2000)
Vlachos, M., Kollios, G., Gunopulos, D.: Discovering similar multidimensional trajectories. In: 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, Proceedings, pp. 673–684. IEEE (2002)
Liao, T.W.: Clustering of time series data—a survey. Pattern Recognit. 38(11), 1857–1874 (2005)
Keogh, E.J., Pazzani, M.J.: A simple dimensionality reduction technique for fast similarity search in large time series databases. In: Terano, T., Liu, H., Chen, A.L.P. (eds.) PAKDD 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1805, pp. 122–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45571-X_14
Keogh, E., Chakrabarti, K., Pazzani, M., Mehrotra, S.: Locally adaptive dimensionality reduction for indexing large time series databases. ACM Sigmod Rec. 30(2), 151–162 (2001)
Łuczak, M.: Hierarchical clustering of time series data with parametric derivative dynamic time warping. Expert Syst. Appl. 62, 116–130 (2016)
Paparrizos, J., Gravano, L.: k-shape: efficient and accurate clustering of time series. In: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 1855–1870. ACM (2015)
Niennattrakul, V., Ratanamahatana, C.A.: Inaccuracies of shape averaging method using dynamic time warping for time series data. In: Shi, Y., van Albada, G.D., Dongarra, J., Sloot, P.M.A. (eds.) ICCS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4487, pp. 513–520. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72584-8_68
Sheng, W., Liu, X.: A genetic k-medoids clustering algorithm. J. Heuristics 12(6), 447–466 (2006)
Tran, D., Wagner, M.: Fuzzy C-Means clustering-based speaker verification. In: Pal, N.R., Sugeno, M. (eds.) AFSS 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2275, pp. 318–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45631-7_42
Yin, J., Yang, Q.: Integrating hidden Markov models and spectral analysis for sensory time series clustering. In: Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, p. 8. IEEE (2005)
De Brébisson, A., Simon, É., Auvolat, A., Vincent, P., Bengio, Y.: Artificial neural networks applied to taxi destination prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.00021 (2015)
Busta, M., Neumann, L., Matas, J.: FASText: efficient unconstrained scene text detector. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1206–1214 (2015)
Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532–1543 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tabatabayi Seifi, S., Ekhveh, A.A. (2019). Representing Unequal Data Series in Vector Space with Its Application in Bank Customer Clustering. In: Grandinetti, L., Mirtaheri, S., Shahbazian, R. (eds) High-Performance Computing and Big Data Analysis. TopHPC 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 891. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33494-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33495-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)