Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Physicochemical Parameters of Water in the Chilika Lagoon

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Chilika Lagoon, India

Part of the book series: Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management ((WECM,volume 6))

Abstract

Assessment of physicochemical parameters of Chilika lagoon water is of vital importance as it guides to monitor the pollution status and formulate a management plan. Mixing of water from river and sea with different nutrient levels makes an ideal condition of salinity and nutrient stoichiometry supporting a unique benthic and pelagic biodiversity including fishery. The hydrology of the lagoon undergoes a significant change during the switchover between seasons as well as years. The rainfall pattern influences the discharge with different nutrient concentration and stoichiometry which ultimately alters the lagoon biogeochemistry. Apart from these, the spatiotemporal variability is also controlled by the exchange of seawater through the lagoon mouth which undergoes drastic change over time with respect to the cross-sectional area and its position. Overall brackish nature of the lagoon was sustained in most of the lagoon throughout the year due to the adequate inflow of saline water from the sea and fresh water from major Rivers.

The present study showed that the physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite nitrogen (NO2), nitrate nitrogen (NO3), and phosphate phosphorous (PO4) were within the threshold range suitable for the propagation of wildlife and fishery. The primary source of PO4 and NO2 were mostly from in situ mineralisation processes whereas, NO3 and silicate (SiO2) from the riverine influx. The overall nutrient stoichiometry indicated NO3 and PO4 were limiting with respect to SiO2 throughout the year which favoured the growth of diatoms. During the monsoon period, PO4 remained limiting due to dilution by fresh water from northeast rivers. Shallow regions of the lagoon get turbid during monsoon due to the inflow of river water with high SPM but during summer, the wind-induced bottom sediment churning becomes the key influencing variable. The variability of the flux of nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM) with respect to different rivers and season, re-suspension of sediment, and autochthonous processes had a significant influence on the lagoon’s biogeochemical cycle. Despite least photic depth (transparency), the appropriate condition of light and nutrient stoichiometry enabled highest primary productivity (PP) in the northern sector (NS) while southern sector (SS) had the lowest rate due to low nutrient content, even though it maintained the highest water clarity throughout the year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abir S (2014) Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of Rudrasagar wetland – a Ramsar site, Tripura, North East, India. Res J of Chem Sci 4(1):31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Acharyya T et al (2012) Reduced river discharge intensifies phytoplankton bloom in Godavari estuary. India Mar Chem 132(133):15–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Admiraal, Werner (1983) Utilization of limiting concentrations of orthophosphate and production of organic phosphates in cultures of marine diatoms. J Plankton Res 5:495–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansa EJ (2005) Studies of the benthic macrofauna of the Andoni flats in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria p 242

    Google Scholar 

  • APHA-AWWA-WEF (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed

    Google Scholar 

  • Aston SR (1980) Nutrients dissolved gasses and general biochemistry in estuaries. In: Olausson E, Cato I (eds) Chemistry and biogeochemistry of estuaries, Wiley, New York, pp 233–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Balls PW (1992) Nutrient behavior in two contrasting Scottish estuaries, the forth and the Tay. Oceanol Acta 15(3):261–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee RK et al (1998) Chilika Lake – present and past. (Bull. No. 80). Central Inland Capture Fishery research Institute, Barrackpore

    Google Scholar 

  • Barik SK et al (2016) Sequential extraction of different forms of phosphorus in the surface sediments of Chilika Lake. Arabian J Geosciences 9(2):135

    Google Scholar 

  • Barik SK et al (2017a) Spatio-temporal variability and the impact of Phailin on water quality of Chilika lagoon. Cont Shelf Res 136:39–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Barik SK et al (2017b) Spatial distribution and potential biological risk of some metals in relation to granulometric content in core sediments from Chilika Lake, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(1):572–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Billen, Garnier (2007) River basin nutrient delivery to the coastal sea: assessing its potential to sustain new production of non-siliceous algae. Mar Chem 106:148–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Brzezinski MA (1985) The Si : C : N ratio of marine diatoms: interspecific variability and the effect of 5 some environmental variables. J Phycol 21:347–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkholder JM et al (2006) Comprehensive trend analysis of nutrients and related variables in a large eutrophic estuary: a decadal study of anthropogenic and climatic influences. Limnol Oceanogr 51:463–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrapani, Veizer (2005) Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic compositions in the upstream ganga river in the Himalayas. Curr Sci:553–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandran, Ramamoorthi (1984) Hydrobiological studies in the gradient zone of the Vellar estuary, part I. Physicochemical parameters. Mahasagar-bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 17:69–78

    Google Scholar 

  • CPCB New Delhi (1986) Environment protection rules. https://www.cpcb.nic.in/WaterqualityCriteria.php. Accessed 5 Jan 2016

  • Domingues RB (2011) Ammonium, nitrate and phytoplankton interactions in a freshwater tidal estuarine zone: potential effects of cultural eutrophication. Aquat Sci 73(3):331–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn Ryan JK et al (2012) Benthic metabolism and nitrogen dynamics in a sub-tropical coastal lagoon: Microphytobenthos stimulate nitrification and nitrate reduction through photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Est Coast Shelf Sci 113:272–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekeh, Sikoki (2003) The state and seasonal variability of some physicochemical parameters in the New Calabar River, Nigeria. Suppad Acta Hydrobiologia 5:45–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Flöder SJ et al (2002) The influence of fluctuating light intensities on species composition and diversity of natural phytoplankton communities. Oecologia 133:395–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Fouilland E et al (2012) Vidussi impact of a river flash flood on microbial carbon and nitrogen production in a Mediterranean lagoon (Thau lagoon, France). Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 113:192–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallegos CL (1992) Photosynthesis, productivity, and species composition in eutrophic sub-estuary: comparison of bloom and bon-bloom assemblages. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 81:257–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganguly D et al (2013) Variable response of two tropical phytoplankton species at different salinity and nutrient condition. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 440:244–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganguly D et al (2015) Influence of nutrient input on the trophic state of a tropical brackish water lagoon. J Earth Syst Sci 124(5):1005–1017

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg V et al (2017) Spectral similarity approach for mapping turbidity of an inland waterbody. J Hydrol 550:527–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh AK et al (2006) Chilika lagoon: restoring ecological balance and livelihoods through re-salinization. Lakes Reserv Res Manage 11:239–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert PM et al (1982) Utilization of ammonium and nitrate during austral summer in the Scotia Sea. Deep Sea Res 29:837–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorham E et al (1983) The chemical composition of lakes in the northcentral United States. Limnol Oceanogr 28:287–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Granier J et al (2000) Understanding the oxygen budget and related ecological processes in the river Mosel: the Riverstrahler approach. Hydrobiol 410:151–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasshoff K et al (1999) Methods of sea water analysis, 3rd edn. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 89–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta GVM et al (2008) Influence of net ecosystem metabolism in transferring riverine organic carbon to atmospheric CO2 in a tropical coastal lagoon, Chilika Lake, India. Biogeochem 87:265–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta et al (2009) CO2 supersaturation and net heterotrophy in a tropical estuary (Cochin, India): influence of anthropogenic effect. Ecosystems 12:1145–1157

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison NM (1990) Gelatinous zooplankton in the diet of the Parakeet Auklet: comparisons with other auklets. J Avian Biol 14:114–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayakumar R et al (2013) An assessment of temporal variations in physicochemical and microbiological properties of barmouth.s and lagoons in Chennai (Southeast coast of India). Mar Pol Bull 70:44–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong KS et al (2008) Patterning limnological characteristics of the Chilika lagoon (India) using a self-organizing map. Limnol 9:231–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanuri VV et al (2012) Spatio-temporal distribution of dissolved organic matter in a tropical fresh water lake: India. Int J Recent Sci Res 3(10):812–819

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanuri VV et al (2013) Plankton metabolic processes and its significance on dissolved organic carbon pool in tropical brackish water lagoon. Cont Shelf Res 61–62:52–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY et al (2015) Trends in a satellite-derived vegetation index and environmental variables in a restored brackish lagoon. Global Ecol Conservation 4:614–624

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY et al (2016) Application of multivariate analysis to determine spatial and temporal changes in water quality after new channel construction in the Chilika Lagoon. Ecol Engg 90:314–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar and Pattnaik (2012) Chilika – an integrated management planning framework for conservation and wise use. Wetlands International – South Asia, New Delhi, India/Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar. ISBN: 81-87408-05-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro SC et al (2006) Toxicity assessment of two soils from Jales Mine (Portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50(2):182–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhu NV et al (2010) Short term variability of water quality and its implications on phytoplankton production in a tropical estuary (Cochin Estuary – India). Environ Monit Asses 170:287–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin GD et al (2008) Freshwater influence on nutrient stoichiometry in a tropical estuary, southwest coast of India. AEER 6:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin et al (2015) Phytoplankton versus macrophyte contribution to primary production and biogeochemical cycles of a coastal mesotidal system. A modelling approach. Est Coas Shelf Sci 165:52–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty, Mohanty (2002) Factors affecting fishes and shellfish biodiversity in Chilika lagoon. Fish Chimes 22(5):42–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty RK et al (2009) Assessment of the impacts of a new artificial Lake mouth on the hydrobiology and fisheries of Chilika Lake, India. Lake Reservoir Manag 14(3):231–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty B et al (2016) Assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon in a tropical brackish water lagoon: Chilika, India. Chem Ecol 32(7):653–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty B et al (2017) Sources and variability of petroleum hydrocarbon residues in sediments of Chilika Lagoon, East Coast of India. Bull Environ Contam and Toxicol 99(1):100–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith JL (1972) Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems. J Appl Ecol 9:747–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Muduli PR et al (2011) Spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics in and around port Blair Bay Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. World Appl Sci J 13(3):564–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Muduli PR et al (2012) Spatio-temporal variation of CO2 emission from Chilika Lake, atropical coastal lagoon, on the east coast of India. Est Coast Shelf Sci 113:305–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Muduli PR et al (2013) Distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon and net ecosystem production in a tropical brackish water lagoon, India. Cont Shelf Res 64:75–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Muduli PR et al (2017) The impact of tropical cyclone ‘Phailin’ on the hydrology of Chilika Lagoon, India. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 4(2):555632. http://sci-hub.tw/10.19080/IJESNR.2017.04.555632

  • Mukherjee R et al (2018) Spatial variation of nitrogen uptake rates in the largest brackish water lagoon of Asia (Chilika, India). Est Coast Shelf Sci. http://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.01.012. In press

  • Murray, Wetzel (1987) Oxygen production and consumption associated with the major autotrophic components in two temperate seagrass communities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 38:231–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak BK et al (2004) Variation of water quality in Chilika Lake. Ind J Mar Sci 33:164–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak, Behera (2004) Seasonal variation of some physicochemical parameters of the Chilika lagoon (east coast of India) after opening the new mouth, near Sipakuda. Indian J Mar Sci 33(2):206–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndimele PE (2012) The effect of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solm. Infestation on the physicochemistry, nutrient and heavy metal content of Badagry Creek and Ologe lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. J Environ Sci Techno l5:128–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojha A (2013) Evaluation of land use/land cover dynamics of chilika catchment. Int j geom geosci 4(2):388–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt C et al (1995) An ecosystem-level experiment on nutrient limitation in temperate coastal marine environments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 116:171–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, Justic (2011) Primary producers: phytoplankton ecology and trophic dynamics in coastal waters. In: Wolanski E (ed) Treatise on estuarine and coastal science. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 28–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Parida S et al (2017) Trace metal concentrations in euryhaline fish species from Chilika lagoon: human health risk assessment. Int J Environ Sc Tech 14(12):2649–2660

    Google Scholar 

  • Passarge et al (2006) Competition for nutrients and light: stable coexistence, alternative stable states, or competitive exclusion? Ecol Monogr 76(1):57–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Patra et al (2017) Isotopic composition (C & N) of the suspended particles and N uptake by phytoplankton in a shallow tropical coastal lagoon. Chem Ecol 33(8):708–724

    Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi S (2006) Seasonal variability of phytoplankton productivity and related physicochemical parameters in the Chilika Lake and its adjoining sea. Ph.D. thesis, Berhampur University, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi S et al (2009) Variability of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in a shallow brackish water ecosystem Chilika Lagoon, India. Limnol 10:73–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Pashiardis S et al (2017) Characteristics of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) through statistical analysis at Larnaca, Cyprus. SM J Biometrics Biostat 2(2):1009

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil, Anil (2008) Temporal variation of diatom benthic propagules in a monsoon influenced tropical estuary. Cont Shelf Res 28(17):2404–2416

    Google Scholar 

  • Patra AP et al (2010) Seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of Chilika Lake after opening of new mouth near Gabakunda, Orissa, India. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 2(2):109–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Patra S et al (2016) Influence of suspended particulate matter on the nutrient biogeochemistry of a tropical shallow lagoon, Chilika, India. Limnol 17(3):223–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Pednekar SM et al (2014) Spatiotemporal distribution in phytoplankton community with distinct salinity regimes along the Mandovi estuary, Goa, India. Turk J Bot 38:800–818

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomeroy LR et al (1965) The exchange of phosphate between estuarine water and sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 10:167

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajasegar M (2003) Physico-chemical characteristics of the Vellar estuary in relation to shrimp farming. J Environ Biol 24:95–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanadham RM et al (1964) Limnology of the Chilka lake. J Mar Biol Assoc India 6(2):183–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Robin RS et al (2016) CO2 saturation and trophic shift induced by microbial metabolic processes in a river-dominated ocean margin (tropical shallow lagoon, Chilika, India). Geomicrobiol J 33(6):513–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochelle-Newall EJ et al (2011) Phytoplankton distribution and productivity in a highly turbid, tropical coastal system (Bach Dang Estuary, Vietnam). Mar Pollut Bull 62:2317–2329

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu BK et al (2014) Environmental conditions of Chilika Lake during pre and post hydrological intervention: an overview. J Coast Conserv 18(3):285–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankaranarayanan, Panampunnayil (1979) Studies on organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphrous in sediments of cochin backwaters. Indian J Mar Sci 8:27–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Saravanakumar A et al (2008) Seasonal variations in physicochemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. J Environ Biol 29:725–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar SK et al (2007) Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India: an approach through environmental education. J Clean Prod 15:1559–1567

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarma VVSS et al (2009) Influence of river discharge on plankton metabolic rates in the tropical monsoon-driven Godavari estuary, India. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 85:515–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Satpathy et al (2009) Phytoplankton community structure and its variability during southwest to northeast monsoon transition in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India. Int J Oceans Oceanogr 3:43–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Shenoi SSC et al (1999) On the sea surface temperature high in the Lakshadweep Sea before the onset of the southwest monsoon. J Geophys Res 104:15703–15712

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui, Rao (1995) Limnology of Chilika Lake. In: Director of zoological survey of India (Calcutta), Fauna of Chilika Lake (Wetland Ecosystem Series I). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP et al (2004) Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India) –a case study. Water Res 38:3980–3992

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP et al (2005) Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of Gomti river (India) using multivariate statistical techniques –a case study. Anal Chim Acta 538:355–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivasankar, Jayabalan (1994) Distribution of luminescent bacterium Vibrio harvesting Netravathi estuary, Mangalore. J Mar Biol Assoc India 36:251–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Srichandan S et al (2015a) Interannual and cyclone drove variability in phytoplankton communities of a tropical coastal lagoon. Mar pollut Bulletin 101(1):39–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Srichandan S et al (2015b) Spatio temporal distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in a coastal tropical lagoon: Chilika, India. Environ Monit Assess 187(47):1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvan JB et al (2006) Phosphorus limits phytoplankton growth on the Louisiana shelf during the period of hypoxia formation. Environ Sci Technol 40:7548–7553

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincy MV et al (2012) Water quality assessment of a tropical wetland ecosystem with special reference to backwater tourism, Kerala, South India. Int Res J Env Sci 1(5):62–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Wassmann P (1999) Spring bloom development in the marginal ice zone and the Central Barents Sea. PSZN I: Mar Ecol 20:321–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Zepp RG (1997) Interactions of marine biogeochemical cycles and the photo degradation of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen. In: Gianguzza A, Pelizzetti E, Sammarkano S (eds) Marine chemistry. Kluwer Acad Plub, London, pp 329–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J (2000) Evidence of trace metal limited photosynthesis in eutrophic estuarine and coastal waters. Limnol Oceanogr 45(8):1871–1878

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou T et al (2012) An observational study on the latitudes where wave forcing drives brewer-Dobson upwelling. J Atmos Sci 69:1916–1935

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the World Bank for the funding support to the “Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project” through the State Project Management Unit, Odisha, India. to the authors also thank the scientific and supporting staff for the help during the sample collection as well as analysis in the laboratory. We also wish to thank Mr. Abhijit Das, CDA for data compilation and Mrs. Jagnyaseni Rout for preparation of the GIS map.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, Odisha, India

    Pradipta R. Muduli

  2. Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ajit K. Pattnaik

Authors
  1. Pradipta R. Muduli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ajit K. Pattnaik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Land Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia

    C. Max Finlayson

  2. Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Gurdeep Rastogi

  3. Center for Geospatial Research, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Deepak R. Mishra

  4. Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ajit K. Pattnaik

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Muduli, P.R., Pattnaik, A.K. (2020). Spatio-Temporal Variation in Physicochemical Parameters of Water in the Chilika Lagoon. In: Finlayson, C., Rastogi, G., Mishra, D., Pattnaik, A. (eds) Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Chilika Lagoon, India. Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33424-6_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation