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Enzymatic Degradation of Linear Dinucleotide Intermediates of Cyclic Dinucleotides

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Microbial Cyclic Di-Nucleotide Signaling

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Abstract

Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (cyclic di-GMP, cyclic di-AMP, and cyclic GMP-AMP) are signaling molecules that bind to intracellular receptors to regulate a wide range of processes. In response to environmental changes, bacteria alter the rate of both synthesis and degradation to control the concentration of cyclic dinucleotides. Degradation occurs in a two-step process. The first step is carried out by enzymes specific to each cyclic dinucleotide and results in the formation of a linear dinucleotide. The second step is the hydrolysis of the linear dinucleotide into mononucleotides. Some phosphodiesterases that degrade the cyclic dinucleotide to the linear form are also capable of further hydrolysis to mononucleotides in vitro. However, not all species that utilize cyclic-dinucleotide signaling have these enzymes. Recently, it was shown that exoribonucleases specific for very short RNA substrates also degrade the linear dinucleotide intermediates of cyclic dinucleotide turnover. These results indicate that there is a potential overlap between RNA degradation and cyclic dinucleotide signaling suggesting the possibility of cross talk between signaling and RNA turnover.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mona W. Orr

  2. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Vincent T. Lee

Authors
  1. Mona W. Orr
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  2. Vincent T. Lee
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Correspondence to Vincent T. Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Shan-Ho Chou

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Nicolas Guiliani

  3. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Vincent T. Lee

  4. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ute Römling

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Orr, M.W., Lee, V.T. (2020). Enzymatic Degradation of Linear Dinucleotide Intermediates of Cyclic Dinucleotides. In: Chou, SH., Guiliani, N., Lee, V., Römling, U. (eds) Microbial Cyclic Di-Nucleotide Signaling. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33308-9_6

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