Skip to main content

Eating Disorders in Youth with Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Behavioral Diabetes

Abstract

Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors are seen more commonly in youth than adults and can be associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Youth with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk for developing eating disorders than their peers without diabetes, and youth with diabetes and eating disorders are at risk for diabetes-related metabolic complications, making eating disorders especially concerning in this population. The unique attention given to food, and specifically carbohydrate intake, in diabetes management may increase patients’ risk for development of an eating disorder. Providers therefore need to be cognizant of the risk of eating disorders in this population. Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors are seen in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although the types of problems may vary. In this chapter, we review the different types of eating disorders, the specific eating disorders seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the signs and symptoms of these disorders, potential treatment options, and future directions in this important field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Diabetes Association. (2018). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Feeding and Eating Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10

  • Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borus, J. S., & Laffel, L. (2010). Adherence challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: Prevention and intervention. Current Opinions in Pediatrics, 22(4), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833a46a7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Call, C., Walsh, B. T., & Attia, E. (2013). From DSM-IV to DSM-5: Changes to eating disorder diagnoses. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(6), 532–536. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328365a321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Daneman, D., Farquhar, J. C., Wong, H., Muskat, S., & Rodin, G. M. (2015). Eating disorders in girls and women with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal study of prevalence, onset, remission, and recurrence. Diabetes Care, 38(7), 1212–1217. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Daneman, D., & Rodin, G. M. (2013). Depression, disturbed eating behavior, and metabolic control in teenage girls with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes, 14(5), 372–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Wong, H., & Rodin, G. M. (2015). Eating disorders in individuals with type 1 diabetes: Case series and day hospital treatment outcome. European Eating Disorder Review, 23(4), 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., … Hamman, R. F. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. JAMA, 311(17), 1778–1786. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.3201

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(14), 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199309303291401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (1994). Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes control and complications trial. Journal of Pediatrics, 125(2), 177–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickens, Y. L., Haynos, A. F., Nunnemaker, S., Platka-Bird, L., & Dolores, J. (2015). Multidisciplinary residential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and co-occurring eating disorders. Eating Disorders, 23(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2014.964609

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., … Wechsler, H. (2010). Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(5), 1–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel-Fabbri, A. E. (2009). Disturbed eating behaviors and eating disorders in type 1 diabetes: Clinical significance and treatment recommendations. Current Diabetes Reports, 9(2), 133–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, H. W. (2006). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(4), 389–394. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000228759.95237.78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaser, S. S., & Datye, K. A. (2016). Frequency of missed insulin boluses in type 1 diabetes and its impact on diabetes control. Diabetes Technology & Therapy, 18(6), 341–342. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2016.0142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. M., Lawson, M. L., Daneman, D., Olmsted, M. P., & Rodin, G. (2000). Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: Cross sectional study. BMJ, 320(7249), 1563–1566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lourenco, B. H., Arthur, T., Rodrigues, M. D., Guazzelli, I., Frazzatto, E., Deram, S., … Villares, S. M. (2008). Binge eating symptoms, diet composition and metabolic characteristics of obese children and adolescents. Appetite, 50(2–3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mannucci, E., Rotella, F., Ricca, V., Moretti, S., Placidi, G. F., & Rotella, C. M. (2005). Eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Endocrinologcal Investigation, 28(5), 417–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, J. T., Butler, D. A., Volkening, L. K., Antisdel, J. E., Anderson, B. J., & Laffel, L. M. (2010). Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: Internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(3), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1890

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mathieu, J. (2008). What is Diabulimia? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(5), 769–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minges, K. E., Whittemore, R., & Grey, M. (2013). Overweight and obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 31, 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.31.47

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolau, J., Simo, R., Sanchis, P., Ayala, L., Fortuny, R., Zubillaga, I., & Masmiquel, L. (2015). Eating disorders are frequent among type 2 diabetic patients and are associated with worse metabolic and psychological outcomes: Results from a cross-sectional study in primary and secondary care settings. Acta Diabetolgoica, 52(6), 1037–1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-015-0742-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettitt, D. J., Talton, J., Dabelea, D., Divers, J., Imperatore, G., Lawrence, J. M., … Hamman, R. F. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes in U.S. youth in 2009: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care, 37(2), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1838

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raevuori, A., Suokas, J., Haukka, J., Gissler, M., Linna, M., Grainger, M., & Suvisaari, J. (2015). Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(6), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22334

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J., Qureshi, S., Whitford, I., Vranic, M., Kahn, C. R., Fantus, I. G., & Dirks, J. H. (2012). Insulin’s discovery: New insights on its ninetieth birthday. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 28(4), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rydall, A. C., Rodin, G. M., Olmsted, M. P., Devenyi, R. G., & Daneman, D. (1997). Disordered eating behavior and microvascular complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 336(26), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199706263362601

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuing, N., Bartus, B., Berger, G., Haberland, H., Icks, A., Knauth, B., … Holl, R. W. (2014). Clinical characteristics and outcome of 467 patients with a clinically recognized eating disorder identified among 52,215 patients with type 1 diabetes: A multicenter german/austrian study. Diabetes Care, 37(6), 1581–1589. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperling, M. (2014). Pediatric endocrinology (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents. Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 714–723. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vajo, Z., & Duckworth, W. C. (2000). Genetically engineered insulin analogs: Diabetes in the new millennium. Pharmacological Reviews, 52(1), 1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilfley, D., Berkowitz, R., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hirst, K., Ievers-Landis, C., Lipman, T. H., … Van Buren, D. (2011). Binge eating, mood, and quality of life in youth with type 2 diabetes: Baseline data from the today study. Diabetes Care, 34(4), 858–860. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1704

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. E., Smith, E. L., Coker, S. E., Hobbis, I. C., & Acerini, C. L. (2015). Testing an integrated model of eating disorders in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatric Diabetes, 16(7), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wisting, L., Froisland, D. H., Skrivarhaug, T., Dahl-Jorgensen, K., & Ro, O. (2013). Disturbed eating behavior and omission of insulin in adolescents receiving intensified insulin treatment: A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care, 36(11), 3382–3387. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0431

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zeitler, P., Hirst, K., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Copeland, K., Arslanian, S., … Kaufman, F. (2012). A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(24), 2247–2256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah S. Jaser .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Datye, K.A., Jaser, S.S. (2020). Eating Disorders in Youth with Diabetes. In: Delamater, A., Marrero, D. (eds) Behavioral Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33286-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics