Abstract
Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors are seen more commonly in youth than adults and can be associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Youth with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk for developing eating disorders than their peers without diabetes, and youth with diabetes and eating disorders are at risk for diabetes-related metabolic complications, making eating disorders especially concerning in this population. The unique attention given to food, and specifically carbohydrate intake, in diabetes management may increase patients’ risk for development of an eating disorder. Providers therefore need to be cognizant of the risk of eating disorders in this population. Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors are seen in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although the types of problems may vary. In this chapter, we review the different types of eating disorders, the specific eating disorders seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the signs and symptoms of these disorders, potential treatment options, and future directions in this important field.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American Diabetes Association. (2018). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Feeding and Eating Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10
Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74
Borus, J. S., & Laffel, L. (2010). Adherence challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: Prevention and intervention. Current Opinions in Pediatrics, 22(4), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833a46a7
Call, C., Walsh, B. T., & Attia, E. (2013). From DSM-IV to DSM-5: Changes to eating disorder diagnoses. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(6), 532–536. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328365a321
Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Daneman, D., Farquhar, J. C., Wong, H., Muskat, S., & Rodin, G. M. (2015). Eating disorders in girls and women with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal study of prevalence, onset, remission, and recurrence. Diabetes Care, 38(7), 1212–1217. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2646
Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Daneman, D., & Rodin, G. M. (2013). Depression, disturbed eating behavior, and metabolic control in teenage girls with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes, 14(5), 372–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12016
Colton, P. A., Olmsted, M. P., Wong, H., & Rodin, G. M. (2015). Eating disorders in individuals with type 1 diabetes: Case series and day hospital treatment outcome. European Eating Disorder Review, 23(4), 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2365
Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., … Hamman, R. F. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. JAMA, 311(17), 1778–1786. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.3201
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (1993). The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(14), 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199309303291401
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (1994). Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes control and complications trial. Journal of Pediatrics, 125(2), 177–188.
Dickens, Y. L., Haynos, A. F., Nunnemaker, S., Platka-Bird, L., & Dolores, J. (2015). Multidisciplinary residential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and co-occurring eating disorders. Eating Disorders, 23(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2014.964609
Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., … Wechsler, H. (2010). Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(5), 1–142.
Goebel-Fabbri, A. E. (2009). Disturbed eating behaviors and eating disorders in type 1 diabetes: Clinical significance and treatment recommendations. Current Diabetes Reports, 9(2), 133–139.
Hoek, H. W. (2006). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(4), 389–394. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000228759.95237.78
Jaser, S. S., & Datye, K. A. (2016). Frequency of missed insulin boluses in type 1 diabetes and its impact on diabetes control. Diabetes Technology & Therapy, 18(6), 341–342. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2016.0142
Jones, J. M., Lawson, M. L., Daneman, D., Olmsted, M. P., & Rodin, G. (2000). Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: Cross sectional study. BMJ, 320(7249), 1563–1566.
Lourenco, B. H., Arthur, T., Rodrigues, M. D., Guazzelli, I., Frazzatto, E., Deram, S., … Villares, S. M. (2008). Binge eating symptoms, diet composition and metabolic characteristics of obese children and adolescents. Appetite, 50(2–3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.004
Mannucci, E., Rotella, F., Ricca, V., Moretti, S., Placidi, G. F., & Rotella, C. M. (2005). Eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Endocrinologcal Investigation, 28(5), 417–419.
Markowitz, J. T., Butler, D. A., Volkening, L. K., Antisdel, J. E., Anderson, B. J., & Laffel, L. M. (2010). Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: Internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(3), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1890
Mathieu, J. (2008). What is Diabulimia? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(5), 769–770.
Minges, K. E., Whittemore, R., & Grey, M. (2013). Overweight and obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 31, 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.31.47
Nicolau, J., Simo, R., Sanchis, P., Ayala, L., Fortuny, R., Zubillaga, I., & Masmiquel, L. (2015). Eating disorders are frequent among type 2 diabetic patients and are associated with worse metabolic and psychological outcomes: Results from a cross-sectional study in primary and secondary care settings. Acta Diabetolgoica, 52(6), 1037–1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-015-0742-z
Pettitt, D. J., Talton, J., Dabelea, D., Divers, J., Imperatore, G., Lawrence, J. M., … Hamman, R. F. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes in U.S. youth in 2009: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care, 37(2), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1838
Raevuori, A., Suokas, J., Haukka, J., Gissler, M., Linna, M., Grainger, M., & Suvisaari, J. (2015). Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(6), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22334
Roth, J., Qureshi, S., Whitford, I., Vranic, M., Kahn, C. R., Fantus, I. G., & Dirks, J. H. (2012). Insulin’s discovery: New insights on its ninetieth birthday. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 28(4), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2300
Rydall, A. C., Rodin, G. M., Olmsted, M. P., Devenyi, R. G., & Daneman, D. (1997). Disordered eating behavior and microvascular complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 336(26), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199706263362601
Scheuing, N., Bartus, B., Berger, G., Haberland, H., Icks, A., Knauth, B., … Holl, R. W. (2014). Clinical characteristics and outcome of 467 patients with a clinically recognized eating disorder identified among 52,215 patients with type 1 diabetes: A multicenter german/austrian study. Diabetes Care, 37(6), 1581–1589. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2156
Sperling, M. (2014). Pediatric endocrinology (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.
Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents. Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 714–723. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22
Vajo, Z., & Duckworth, W. C. (2000). Genetically engineered insulin analogs: Diabetes in the new millennium. Pharmacological Reviews, 52(1), 1–9.
Wilfley, D., Berkowitz, R., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hirst, K., Ievers-Landis, C., Lipman, T. H., … Van Buren, D. (2011). Binge eating, mood, and quality of life in youth with type 2 diabetes: Baseline data from the today study. Diabetes Care, 34(4), 858–860. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1704
Wilson, C. E., Smith, E. L., Coker, S. E., Hobbis, I. C., & Acerini, C. L. (2015). Testing an integrated model of eating disorders in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatric Diabetes, 16(7), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12202
Wisting, L., Froisland, D. H., Skrivarhaug, T., Dahl-Jorgensen, K., & Ro, O. (2013). Disturbed eating behavior and omission of insulin in adolescents receiving intensified insulin treatment: A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care, 36(11), 3382–3387. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0431
Zeitler, P., Hirst, K., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Copeland, K., Arslanian, S., … Kaufman, F. (2012). A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(24), 2247–2256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109333
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Datye, K.A., Jaser, S.S. (2020). Eating Disorders in Youth with Diabetes. In: Delamater, A., Marrero, D. (eds) Behavioral Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33286-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33286-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33284-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33286-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)