Materials and Technologies for the Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Systems

Hussain, Fayyaz Salih; Memon, Najma

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33281-5_4

Fayyaz Salih Hussain⁵ &
Najma Memon⁵

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 40))

529 Accesses
2 Citations
1 Altmetric

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) enters into the environment through activities related to mining, various industrial and certain geological processes. Globally more than 170,000 tons of chromium - containing wastewater is discharged annually. Chromium is toxic for all living organisms, therefore, its removal is crucial to save plants and aquatic life. Due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature, efficient removal technologies and materials are continuously investigated and widely documented. This chapter focuses on recent technologies and materials employed to remove chromium from water bodies. Techniques such as membrane filtration, electrochemical, and phytoremediation have emerged over the years. Sorptive removal of chromium is another approach that is investigated in detail for the development of efficient sorbent materials. Many natural and synthetic materials, such as carbon nanotubes, composite of nanomaterials, zeolites, biochar and others are reported as sorbents. Electrochemical precipitation has superseded conventional coagulation technology in terms of efficiency. However, it still requires investigation for industrial scale utilization and also, like all precipitation techniques, it produces chromium-containing sludge. On the other hand, functionalized materials with high surface area are promising candidates as sorbents.

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Abbreviations

CNTs:: Carbon Nanotubes
APTS:: 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane
PVDF:: Poly (vinylidene fluoride)
DMAc:: Dimethylacetamide
PVP:: Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
ECP:: Electrochemical precipitation
COD:: Chemical oxygen demand
TSS:: Total suspended solids
SWCNT:: Single walled carbon nanotubes
PEUF:: Polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration
MWCNT:: Multi walled carbon nanotubes
BET:: Brunauer, Emmett and Teller
PDMAEMA:: poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
TA:: Tataric acid
GAC:: Green Macroalgae Cladophore
AC:: Activated carbon
PPy:: Polypyrrole
GO:: Graphene oxide
LDHs:: Layered Double Hydroxides
CRIS:: Constructed rapid infiltration systems
PEG:: Polyethylene glycol
SLM:: Supported liquid membrane
NF:: Nano-filtration
CPC:: Cetylpyridinium chloride
NAD(P)H:: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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Acknowledgement

Financial support from Pak-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program, Phase VI (Project No. 6/6/PAK-US/HEC/2015/06) is highly acknowledged.

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National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Fayyaz Salih Hussain & Najma Memon

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Eric Lichtfouse

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Hussain, F.S., Memon, N. (2020). Materials and Technologies for the Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Systems. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 40. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33281-5_4

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