Abstract
Plant nutrients supplied to crops as fertilizers are essential for plant growth, metabolism and production. Inappropriate application of plant nutrients induces 40–70% loss of nutrients and causes contamination of land and water systems. Nano-fertilizers provide nutrients precisely to the plant’s requirement, and thus reduces the environmental loss of nutrients. Synthesis of nanoparticles is carried out by either top-down or bottom-up methods. Most nanofertilizers are synthesized by a bottom-up approach, which is a complex and requires sophisticated instruments. The top-down approach is an alternative method for large scale and low cost of production. For instance, high energy ball milling is a top-down method using planetary ball mills. To obtain optimized milling parameters in a planetary ball mill, many trials are needed. Hence optimization of the milling parameters through modeling tools is necessary to reach economically efficient and time-saving synthesis of nano-fertilizers. Here we review modeling approaches using the planetary ball milling principle for the efficient synthesis of nano-fertilizers.
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Pohshna, C., Mailapalli, D.R., Laha, T. (2020). Synthesis of Nanofertilizers by Planetary Ball Milling. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 40. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33281-5_3
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