Abstract
In 2016, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) became the IOM’s (International Organization for Migration) 165th member state. Triggered by its process of ‘opening up’, strong economic growth and increasing political influence, China has embarked on a dynamic and ambitious path of policy development in the area of migration. Many new policies have been introduced to encourage and facilitate private travel and business visits, as well as the immigration and even long-term, permanent presence of foreign professionals. This chapter explores the IOM’s growing collaboration with China. It contributes to the growing, yet still largely Eurocentric, scholarship on the role of the IOM and other international organisations in migration management. While the collaboration between the IOM and China has not yet reached the level of collaboration the IOM has been able to achieve with European Union (EU) countries, the IOM and partnership with the IOM will likely hold more significance for China in the coming years. China is on the brink of becoming an important player in global migration management due to the growth of its political influence at both the global and transnational policy level through the ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative (BRI), which is likely to trigger new flows of mobility and migration between BRI countries and China.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The other participants in the ‘Manila Process’ were Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
- 2.
International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), www.icmpd.org, and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), www.unhrc.org
- 3.
For a discussion of the BRI see, for example, The Heritage Foundation 2018.
Works Cited
Andrijasevic, Rutvica, and William Walters. 2010. The International Organization for Migration and the International Government of Borders. Environment and Planning D Society and Space 28 (6): 977–999.
Avant, Deborah, et al., eds. 2010. Who Governs the Globe? Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barnett, Michael, and Martha Finnemore. 1999. The Politics, Power and Pathologies of International Organizations. International Organization 53 (4): 699–732.
Basok, Tanya, et al. 2013. Disciplining Female Migration in Argentina. Human Rights in the Time of Migration Management. In Disciplining the Transnational Mobility of People, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 162–184. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Caillaut, Clotilde. 2012. The Implementation of Coherent Migration Management Through IOM Programs in Morocco. In The New Politics of International Mobility. Migration Management and Its Discontents, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 133–156. Osnabrück: Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies (IMIS).
Collyer, Michael. 2012. Deportation and the Micropolitics of Exclusion: The Rise of Removals from the UK to Sri Lanka. Geopolitics 17 (2): 276–292.
Davies, Michael, and Richard Woodward. 2014. International Organizations: A Companion. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Dupeyron, Bruno. 2016. Secluding North America’s Labor Migrants: Notes on the International Organization for Migration’s Compassionate Mercenary Business. In Externalizing Migration Management: Europe, North America and the Spread of ‘Remote Control’ Practices, ed. Ruben Zaiotti, 238–258. London: Routledge.
Geiger, Martin. 2013. The Transformation of Migration Politics: From Migration Control to Disciplining Mobility. In Disciplining the Transnational Mobility of People, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 25–40. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
———. 2016a. Identity Check: Smart Borders and Migration Management as Touchstones for EU Readiness and EU Belonging. In An Anthology of Migration and Social Transformation: European Perspectives, ed. Anna Amelina, 135–149. Dordrecht: Springer.
———. 2016b. Policy Outsourcing and Remote Management. The Present and Future of Border and Migration Politics. In Externalizing Migration Management: Europe, North America and the Spread of ‘Remote Control’ Practices, ed. Ruben Zaiotti, 261–279. London: Routledge.
———. 2018. Managing Eurasia’s Borders: The European Union and International Organizations in Russia’s “Near abroad”. In Eurasia on the Edge: Managing Complexity, ed. Piotr Dutkiewicz et al., 213–228. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Geiger, Martin, and Antoine Pécoud, eds. 2010. The Politics of International Migration Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
———. 2014. International Organisations and the Politics of Migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40 (6): 865–887.
Geiger, Martin, and Martin Koch. 2018. World Organizations in Migration Politics: The International Organization for Migration. Journal of International Organizations Studies (JIOS) 9 (1): 23–42.
Georgi, Fabian. 2007. Migrationsmanagement in Europa. Eine kritische Studie am Beispiel des International Centre for Migration Policy Development. Saarbrücken: VDM.
Ghosh, Bimal. 2013. A Snapshot of Reflections on Migration Management. Is Migration Management a Dirty Word? In The New Politics of International Mobility. Migration Management and Its Discontents, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 25–30. Osnabrück: Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies.
Global Times. 2017. China Increasingly Attractive to Foreign Professionals. At http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1079471.shtml
GTCI (Global Talent Competitiveness Index). 2018. Diversity for Competitiveness 2018. At https://gtcistudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/GTCI-2018-web.r1-1.pdf
Guangming News Agency. 2017. 1,000 Talents Plan Has Already Been the most Important Driving Force for China’s Innovation. At http://tech.gmw.cn/2017-08/28/content_25866846.htm
Guardian. 2017. Donald Trump Pulls US Out of UN Global Compact on Migration. At https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/03/donald-trump-pulls-us-out-of-un-global-compact-on-migration
Guo, Qiumei. 2013. China and IOM: Integration and Development. Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies 4: 23–33.
Han, Xiaorong. 2014. From Resettlement to Rights Protection: The Collective Actions of the Refugees from Vietnam in China Since the Late 1970s. Journal of Chinese Overseas 10: 197–219.
Heritage Foundation. 2018. China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Strategic Implications and International Opposition. At https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-strategic-implications-and-international-opposition
Hess, Sabine. 2010. We Are Facilitating States! An Ethnographic Analysis of the ICMPD. In The Politics of International Migration Management, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 96–118. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Huixian, Sun. 2017. Statistics and Data About ‘One Belt One Road’ (数字告诉你“一 带一路”如何惠及世界). At http://news.cyol.com/content/2017-05/16/content_16076821.htm
ILO (International Labour Organization). 2019. Capacity Building for Migration Management in China Project Phase II. At https://www.ilo.org/beijing/what-we-do/projects/WCMS_195963/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm
IOM (International Organization for Migration). 1999. The Bangkok Declaration on Irregular Migration. At https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_research/rcp/APC/BANGKOK_DECLARATION.pdf
———. 2004. International Agenda for Migration Management: Common Understandings and Effective Practices for a Planned, Balanced, and Comprehensive Approach to the Management of Migration: The Berne Initiative. Geneva: IOM.
———. 2010. CBMM China Newsletter: Capacity Building for Migration Management in China. At https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/activities/regulating/8_4_CBMM%20China_Newsletter_Jun10_ENG.pdf
———. 2016. International Organization for Migration Welcomes China Application for IOM Membership. At https://www.iom.int/news/international-organization-migration-welcomes-china-application-iom-membership
———. 2017. World Migration Report 2018. Geneva: IOM.
———. 2018. IOM Snapshot. At https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/about-iom/iom_snapshot_a4_en.pdf
———. 2019a. China. At https://www.iom.int/countries/china
———. 2019b. Manila Process. At https://www.iom.int/manila-process
Karns, Margaret, and Karen Mingst. 2010. International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Loescher, Gil. 2001. The UNHCR and World Politics: A Perilous Path. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mearsheimer, John J. 1994. The False Promise of International Institutions. International Security 19 (3): 5–49.
MFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). 2001. China Becomes Observer State of IOM (国成为国际移民组织观察员国). At https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/123/wjb/zzjg/gjs/gjzzyhy/1140/1141/t4624.htm
Miao, Lu, and Huiyao Wang. 2016. International Migration of China: Status, Policy and Social Reponses to the Globalization of Migration. Dordrecht: Springer.
Minghuan, Li. 2018. Current Development Trend of International Migration and Migration Policies of Major Countries (当代国际移民发展趋势及主要国家的政策应对). Journal of World Peoples Studies 2: 62–75.
MOE (Ministry of Education). 2017a. Promoting “Studying in China” to a Higher Level and Higher Quality (来华留学工作向高层次高质量发展). At http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/201803/t20180329_331772.html
———. 2017b. Statistics and General Description about Students Studying in China (年度我国来华留学生情况统计). At http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_fbh/moe_2069/xwfbh_2017n/xwfb_170301/170301_sjtj/201703/t20170301_297677.html
———. 2017c. The Numbers of Foreign Students from BRI Countries Is Dramatically Increasing (一带一路沿线国家来华留学生数据增幅明显). At http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_fbh/moe_2069/xwfbh_2017n/xwfb_170301/170301_mtbd/201703/t20170302_297943.html
MOFCOM (Ministry of Commerce). 2017. Statistics About Foreign Labor Service Cooperation from January to September, 2018 (2018年1-9月我国对外劳务合作简明统计). At http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/date/201810/20181002799175.shtml
MOHRSS (Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security). 2015. Regulations on Employment of Foreigners in China (国家外专局推进《外国人在中国工作管理条例》出台). At http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/SYrlzyhshbzb/dongtaixinwen/buneiyaowen/201501/t20150130_150757.html
MPS (Ministry of Public Security). 2017. The Announcement of MPS of PRC (中华人民共和国公安部公告). At http://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254996/n2254999/c5713931/content.html
Pécoud, Antoine. 2010. Informing Migrants to Manage Migration? An Analysis of IOM’s Information Campaigns. In The Politics of International Migration Management, ed. Martin Geiger and Antoine Pécoud, 184–201. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
———. 2013. Suddenly, Migration Was Everywhere: The Conception and Future Prospects of the Global Migration Group. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
———. 2015. Global Governance and International Migration Narratives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
PRC (Government, People’s Republic of China). 1986. Rules for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China Governing the Administration of Entry and Exit of Foreigners (中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法实施细则 (1986年版). At https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans
———. 2004a. China-UN: The International Organization for Migration (IOM). At http://www.china-un.ch/eng/zmjg/jgjblc/t85569.htm
———. 2004b. Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of Foreigners’ Permanent Residence in China (外国人在中国永久居留审批管理办法). At http://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254996/n2254998/c3912432/content.html
———. 2010. China Will Enhance Cooperation with IOM in Migration Management (中国将加强与国际移民组织在移民管理领域的合作). At http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-04/26/content_1852846.htm
———. 2011. China Will Enhance Cooperation with IOM in Migration Management (中国将加强与国际移民组织在移民管理领域的合作). At http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-04/26/content_1852846.htm
———. 2012. Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国出境入境管理法). At http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2012-06/30/content_2174944.htm
———. 2013a. Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of the Entry and Exit of Foreigners (中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理条例). At http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-07/22/content_2452453.htm
———. 2013b. China National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking (2013–2020) (国务院办公厅关于印发中国反对拐卖人口行动计划 2013–2020 的通知). At http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-03/08/content_2349019.htm
———. 2015. Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Held Its 16th Meeting (中央全面深化改革领导小组第十六次会议召开). At http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-09/15/content_2932105.htm
———. 2016a. China Joins International Organization for Migration. At http://www.china-un.ch/eng/dbtzyhd/t1379246.htm
———. 2016b. The Pilot Program of the New Institution Will Be Implemented Nationally (外国人来华工作许可制度试点工作启动). At http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-09/10/content_5107035.htm
———. 2018. China’s Supreme People’s Court and Supreme People’s Procuratorate Cooperates with IOM to Discuss How to Deal with Human Trafficking(两高”与国际移民组织合作举办人口贩运案件起诉与审理研讨会). At http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-88362.html
Qiang, Fu. 2016. All the Realities About Chinese “Green Cards” (中国绿卡的真相). At http://www.chinaqw.com/hdfw/2016/01-26/77978.shtml
SAFEA (State Administration for Foreign Experts Affairs). 2016. The Notice of the Implementation of System of Work Permits of Foreigners (关于印发外国人来华工作许可制度试点实施方案的通知). At http://www.safea.gov.cn/content.shtml?id=12749237
Skeldon, Ronald. 2011. China: An Emerging Destination for Economic Migration. At https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/china-emerging-destination-economic-migration
Song, Lili. 2018. China and the International Refugee Protection Regime: Past, Present and Potentials. Refugee Survey Quarterly 27 (2): 139–161.
State Council (Overseas Chinese Affairs Office). 2015. It Is Necessary to Have Legislation to Protect the Rights of Overseas Chinese (建议立法保护华侨国内权益). Beijing: State Council. At http://www.gqb.gov.cn/news/2015/0312/35237.shtml
Straits Times. 2018. Portugal’s Vitorino Elected Head of UN Migration Agency IOM. At https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/portugals-vitorino-elected-head-of-un-migration-agency-iom
Tian, Fangmeng. 2017. Millionaire Emigration: The Allure of Investor Visas Among China’s Elite. At https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/millionaire-emigration-allure-investor-visas-among-chinas-elite
UN (United Nations). 2007. China National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2008–2012), UN-ACT. At http://un-act.org/publication/china-national-plan-of-action-on-combating-trafficking-in-women-and-children-2008-2012
———. 2018a. General Assembly Endorses First-Ever Global Compact on Migration, Urging Cooperation Among Member States in Protecting Migrants. At https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/ga12113.doc.htm
———. 2018b. General Assembly Endorses Landmark Global Compact on Refugees, Adopting 53 Third Committee Resolutions, 6 Decisions Covering Range of Human Rights. At https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/ga12107.doc.htm
UN DESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2015. Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2015 Revision. At http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2015.pdf
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2016. New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. At https://www.unhcr.org/new-york-declaration-for-refugees-and-migrants.html
Virally, Michel. 1981. Definition and Classification of International Organizations: A Legal Approach. In The Concept of International Organization, ed. Georges Abi-Saab, 50–66. Paris: UNESCO.
Wang, Huiyao. 2009. Talent War. The Competition for the Most Scarce Resources in the World. Beijing: CITIC Publishing House.
Wang, Huiyao, and Jiangyong Lu. 2012. Blue Book of Global Talent 2012: Annual Report of Chinese Recruitment Entrepreneurship (国际人才蓝皮书:中国海归创业发展报告). Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.
Wang, Huiyao, and Lu Miao. 2018. State Immigration Administration: Building a Competitive Immigration System for China (国家移民局: 构建具有国际竞争力的移民管理与服务体系). Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press.
Webber, Frank. 2011. How Voluntary Are Voluntary Returns? Race Class 52 (4): 98–107.
World Bank. 2016. Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016. At https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23743/9781464803192.pdf
———. 2018. Migration and Development Brief 29. Migration and Remittances: Recent Developments and Outlook. Washington, DC: World Bank.
———. 2019. Regional Integration: The Belt and Road Initiative. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative
Xiang, Biao. 2003. Emigration from China: A Sending Country Perspective. International Migration 41 (3): 21–48.
Xiao, Jinfa. 2013. An Analysis of Suggestions of the Rights of Overseas Chinese in Exit and Entry Boarders (当前新华侨出入境权益保护刍议). Journal of Economic Research Guide 199 (17): 277–278. At http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=JJYD201317116&dbname=CJFD2013
Xinhua News. 2017a. 1,576 Foreigners Were Approved for Permanent Residency in 2016 (公安部称2016年1576名外国人获准在中国永久居留). At http://www.xinhuanet.com//legal/2017-02/06/c_129467939.htm
———. 2017b. The Establishment of National Immigration Administration (组建国家移民管理局). At http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018lh/2018-03/13/c_137035628.htm
———. 2018a. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Briefly Introduces Relevant Facts About the Global Compact on Migration (外交部发言人介绍《移民问题全球契约》相关情况). At http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-12/11/c_1210013487.htm
———. 2018b. The Joint Statement Between People’s Republic of China and Philippines. At http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-11/21/c_1123748479.htm
Yang, Grace. 2017. China’s New Foreigner Work Permit System Goes National on April 1: Have You Checked Your Employment Contract? At https://www.chinalawblog.com/2017/03/chinas-new-foreigner-work-permit-system-goes-national-on-april-1-have-you-checked-your-employment-contract.html
Yanhua, Luo. 2017. China Actively Implements International Cooperation on Counter-Trafficking (“中国是国际合作的积极践行者”). People’s Daily Overseas Edition. At http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2017-07/13/content_1790422.htm
Zweig, David. 2018. The Changes of Institution Behind Studying Abroad and Return Migration in China (留学与海归背后的制度变迁). Beijing: Center for China and Globalization. At http://www.ccg.org.cn/Effect/View.aspx?Id=9082
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, Y., Geiger, M. (2020). The IOM in Building and Supporting Migration Management in China. In: Geiger, M., Pécoud, A. (eds) The International Organization for Migration. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32976-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32976-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32975-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32976-1
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)