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Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific pp 359–402Cite as

Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Resources in the Pacific Island Region

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Abstract

In the Pacific Island region, marine resources make vital contributions to food security, livelihoods and economic development. Climate change is expected to have profound effects on the status and distribution of coastal and oceanic habitats, the fish and invertebrates they support and, as a result, the communities and industries that depend on these resources. To prepare for and respond to these impacts—and ensure the ongoing sustainability of marine ecosystems, and the communities and industries that rely on them economically and culturally—it is necessary to understand the main impacts and identify effective adaptation actions. In particular, declines in coral reef habitats and associated coastal fisheries productivity, more eastward distribution of tuna and impacts of more intense storms and rainfall on infrastructure are expected to present the greatest challenges for Pacific communities and economies. Some species of sharks and rays, and aquaculture commodities with calcareous shells, will also be impacted by habitat degradation, ecosystem changes, increasing temperature and ocean acidification. The projected declines in coastal fish and invertebrate populations will widen the gap between fish needed by growing human populations and sustainable harvests from coastal fisheries, with shortages expected in some nations (e.g. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands) by 2035. There will also be a need to diversify livelihoods based on fisheries, aquaculture and tourism because some of these operations are expected to be negatively affected by climate change. In some cases, building the resilience of Pacific communities to climate change will involve reducing dependence on, or finding alternatives, vulnerable marine resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. C2O Pacific, Port Vila, Vanuatu

    Johanna E. Johnson, Britt Basel & Eryn Hooper

  2. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Johanna E. Johnson & Andrew Chin

  3. Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia

    Valerie Allain

  4. Ecothropic, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico

    Britt Basel

  5. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

    Johann D. Bell

  6. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA

    Johann D. Bell

  7. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Business Unit, Queensland BioSciences Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Leo X. C. Dutra

  8. School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

    Leo X. C. Dutra

  9. Ecosystem Services Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand

    David Loubser

  10. Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Janice Lough

  11. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia

    Bradley R. Moore

  12. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Nelson, New Zealand

    Bradley R. Moore

  13. Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia

    Simon Nicol

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  1. Johanna E. Johnson
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  11. Simon Nicol
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Correspondence to Johanna E. Johnson .

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  1. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia

    Lalit Kumar

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Johnson, J.E. et al. (2020). Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Resources in the Pacific Island Region. In: Kumar, L. (eds) Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32878-8_10

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