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Clustering Environmental Conditions of Historical Accident Data to Efficiently Generate Testing Sceneries for Maritime Systems

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Model-Based Safety and Assessment (IMBSA 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 11842))

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Abstract

Vessels are getting more and more equipped with highly-automated assistant systems that benefit from the use of machine learning. Such trained safety-critical systems demand for new means of Verification and Validation (V+V). Their complex decision making process is hidden and traditional system analysis and functional testing is no longer possible as the testing space becomes too large to test. Scenario-based V+V performed in a simulation environment is a promising approach to tackle these challenges, triggering potential system malfunctions and covering as much as possible of the problem space.

The authors propose a data-driven method to identify relevant sceneries, which describe states of a system in a scenario by a set of parameters. These states are derived from accident reports, summarizing the most critical situations a vessel and its automated assistant systems might be confronted with. By a chain of several methods, such as Principal Component Analysis and K-Mean Clustering the authors show that the value space of scenery parameters to be tested can be reduced and clusters can be identified that define equivalence classes of accidents. These clusters can then be partitioned depending on their probability distributions and open up a (reduced) space for random sampling of testing sceneries.

The authors tested the method focusing on a weather-related parameter set of 1700 accidents in 2016 and 2017 that were retrieved from three different sources. Results show, that the first three principal components of the environmental parameters explain over 90% of the original variance and can be divided into 13 clusters. The authors then manually identified those accidents of a different data pool from 2013–2015 for that weather conditions were reported as the main cause of the accident and found the majority of them (61%) within the clusters and further 23% already in close distance. The more accidents are considered as input for the method the better would be the cluster fitting.

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Notes

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Acknowledgement

This research is supported by the state of Lower Saxony as part of the project Architecture and Technology – Development – Platform for Realtime Safe and Secure Systems (ACTRESS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. OFFIS e.V. - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany

    Tim Wuellner & Sebastian Feuerstack

  2. University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

    Axel Hahn

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  1. Tim Wuellner
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  2. Sebastian Feuerstack
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  3. Axel Hahn
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tim Wuellner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Hull, Hull, UK

    Yiannis Papadopoulos

  2. University of Hull, Hull, UK

    Koorosh Aslansefat

  3. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Panagiotis Katsaros

  4. Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Trento, Italy

    Marco Bozzano

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Wuellner, T., Feuerstack, S., Hahn, A. (2019). Clustering Environmental Conditions of Historical Accident Data to Efficiently Generate Testing Sceneries for Maritime Systems. In: Papadopoulos, Y., Aslansefat, K., Katsaros, P., Bozzano, M. (eds) Model-Based Safety and Assessment. IMBSA 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11842. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32872-6_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32872-6_23

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