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Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance: New Perspectives

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Approaching Complex Diseases

Part of the book series: Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology ((HPHST,volume 2))

Abstract

Background The exponential increase of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria both in hospitals and in the community has lead to inadequate empirical treatments, reduced antimicrobial options, and high mortality rates. Following the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) initiative to develop 10 new antibacterials within 2020, new molecules are finally available to address the need of active options against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Purpose. To review the main characteristics of new antibiotics developed to overcome resistance to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions. While various antibiotics are currently available to target resistant Gram-positive pathogens, fewer new molecules that are active against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, especially carbapenemase producers, have been approved for clinical use. Novel glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, and new generation cephalosporins are highly active against MRSA. Novel β-lactam-β lactamases inhibitors (e.g., ceftozolane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam), plazomicin, and eravacycline have been recently approved for clinical use and display activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.

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  1. Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino – IRCCS and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Matteo Bassetti

  2. Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Elda Righi

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    Mariano Bizzarri

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Bassetti, M., Righi, E. (2020). Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance: New Perspectives. In: Bizzarri, M. (eds) Approaching Complex Diseases. Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32857-3_19

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